{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:19:32Z","timestamp":1793049572752,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":254,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obstetrics and Gynecology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate the role of\n                      <jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and tubo\u2010ovarian abscess (TOA), and to assess the effectiveness of standard therapy in achieving clinical and microbiological cure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hospitals and one Centre for Sexual Health (CSH) in the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women \u2265\u200918\u2009years with clinically diagnosed PID and\/or TOA between 2021 and 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical examination, C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) levels, and vaginal swabs were evaluated at baseline and follow\u2010up. Participants completed a self\u2010reported symptom diary. Antibiotic therapy was prescribed in accordance with Dutch national hospital and CSH guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome, clinical cure at Week 4, was defined as the absence of fever and vomiting, CRP &lt;\u200910\u2009mg\/L, and \u2265\u200970% reduction in symptom score. Microbiological cure was the secondary outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 100 women with PID and\/or TOA, monoinfections with\n                      <jats:italic>M. genitalium, C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      were detected in 4.0%, 6.0%, and 9.0% of cases, respectively; coinfections occurred in 4.0%, while 77.0% tested negative for all three pathogens. By Week 4,\n                      <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were cleared, with one case of persistent or recurrent\n                      <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Symptom scores declined by 91.3%, with significant CRP reduction. Clinical cure was achieved in 67.3% of participants, with no association between cure and sexually transmitted infection (STI) status or diagnosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most PID and\/or TOA cases lacked an identifiable STI etiology. Nonetheless, the majority showed clinical and microbiological cure, supporting current empiric treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ogi\/3810643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T10:09:43Z","timestamp":1789207783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Limited Role of\n                    <i>Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i>\n                    , and\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Tubo\u2010Ovarian Abscess in the Netherlands: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0358-2555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikki","family":"Adriaens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4897-4261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvia M.","family":"Bruisten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarissa E.","family":"Vergunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9538-1501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vita W.","family":"Jongen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5043-3424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joyce F.","family":"Braam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4203-3858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roel H. 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