{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:05:04Z","timestamp":1784027104851,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":194,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Obstetrics and Gynecology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Interactions between maternal killer\u2010cell immunoglobulin\u2010like receptors (KIR) and fetal human leukocyte antigen\u2010C (HLA\u2010C) play a key role in implantation and placentation, yet their clinical relevance remains controversial, partly due to heterogeneous phenotyping of reproductive failure. We conducted a retrospective observational study of 73 biologically comparable clinically referred couples undergoing reproductive immunology assessment. Couples involving donor gametes, surrogacy, or multiple male partners were excluded. Clinical phenotypes were classified as isolated recurrent implantation failure (RIF\u2010only), isolated recurrent pregnancy loss\/adverse pregnancy outcome (RPL\/APO\u2010only), combined RIF\u2009+\u2009RPL\/APO, or no reproductive failure. Maternal KIR phenotype (AA vs. Bx) was determined by flow cytometry and genetically confirmed. Maternal and paternal HLA\u2010C genotypes were classified as C1C1, C1C2, or C2C2. Associations were assessed using univariable, age\u2010adjusted, and multivariable logistic regression models. Maternal KIR\u2010AA was present in 53.4% of women and was more frequent in the RIF\u2010only group than in the RPL\/APO\u2010only group (56.8% vs. 35.3%). In age\u2010adjusted analysis, KIR\u2010AA was associated with increased odds of RIF (OR 2.35;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.054), but not with RPL\/APO. Maternal HLA\u2010C genotype showed an exploratory signal consistent with implantation outcomes: C1C2 (OR 0.28;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.031) and C2C2 (OR 0.10;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.002) were protective against RIF compared to C1C1. In multivariable models, maternal C2C2 remained independently protective (aOR 0.08;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.0048). Paternal HLA\u2010C genotype showed no independent associations. In conclusion, immunogenetic effects in reproductive failure are phenotype\u2010specific and predominantly influence implantation rather than postimplantation pregnancy loss.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ogi\/4578815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T10:24:42Z","timestamp":1784024682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Parental KIR\/HLA\u2010C Profiles and Reproductive Failure: A Phenotype\u2010Stratified Retrospective Analysis of Couples With Fertility Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1593-5899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"\u010cern\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9987-6516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana Voborsk\u00e1","family":"Neudeckerov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6974-3061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Otev\u0159el","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3417-9057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmar","family":"Ivanick\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2807-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Kouck\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7836-7947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tereza","family":"Kov\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5119-7587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nka","family":"Luxov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13010059"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.755624"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gco.0000000000000829"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082379"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoad023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","article-title":"ESHRE Guideline: Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: An Update in 2022","volume":"2023","author":"ESHRE Guideline Group on RPL","year":"2023","journal-title":"Human Reproduction Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2007.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","unstructured":"KovarovaT. BitoovaM. LuxovaS. KoudovaM. KouckyM. andCernaK. 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