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The study aimed to investigate the potential benefit of\n                    <jats:italic>P. edulis<\/jats:italic>\n                    f.\n                    <jats:italic>flavicarpa<\/jats:italic>\n                    (PF) extract in preventing obesity\u2010associated muscle atrophy and IR. The PF extract effectively inhibited cholesterol micelle solubility with an IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of 3431\u2009\u00b5g\/mL and decreased fat accumulation in 3T3\u2010L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, this study investigated a model of HFD\u2013induced IR and muscle atrophy in rats. Thirty\u2010five male Sprague\u2010Dawley (SD) rats were induced with obesity by HFD and were administered 250 and 500\u2009mg\/kg\/day of PF extract. Rats fed with an HFD were associated with fat accumulation and oxidative stress, which promoted inflammation, muscle damage, muscle atrophy, and IR in obese rats. However, administration of PF extract effectively mitigated these effects. The PF extract decreased fat accumulation in white adipose tissues and gastrocnemius (GAS) muscle by inhibiting fat absorption and synthesis, particularly\n                    <jats:italic>Cd36<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Hmgcr<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The PF extract also notably reduced oxidative stress\u2010induced muscle inflammation and damage via elevating nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2010related factor 2 (Nrf2) and reducing nuclear factor kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB) expressions. Additionally, PF extract was found to mechanistically prevent muscle atrophy by inhibiting\n                    <jats:italic>Fbxo32<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Trim63<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and B\u2010cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)\u2010associated X (\n                    <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) expressions, while enhancing\n                    <jats:italic>Bcl2<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. We also found that PF extract mitigated muscle IR by upregulation of the insulin receptor substrate\u20101\/phosphatidylinositol\u20103 kinase\/protein kinase B (IRS\u20101\/PI3K\/AKT) pathway and\n                    <jats:italic>Slc2a4<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. The findings indicate that PF extract can prevent skeletal muscle loss and IR in obesity by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and activating IRS\u20101\/PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/omcl\/5709962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T06:35:36Z","timestamp":1777962936000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>Passiflora edulis<\/i>\n                    f.\n                    <i>flavicarpa<\/i>\n                    Extract Prevents Muscle Atrophy and Insulin Resistance in High\u2010Fat Diet\u2013Induced Obese Rats via Regulating the Nrf2, NF\u2010\u03baB, and IRS\u20101\/PI3K\/AKT Signaling 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