{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T05:09:42Z","timestamp":1779340182755,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":139,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occupational Therapy International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review aims to map published research evidence about occupational therapy (OT) neurorehabilitation practice in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region. A secondary aim was to identify what, if any, functional cognition assessments were used by occupational therapists (OTs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following JBI scoping review guidelines, a structured search was conducted across five databases: CINAHL, Embase, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science, concluding in July 2025. Citation chaining expanded the search. Screening and data extraction were managed using Covidence. Descriptive tables and narrative synthesis summarised findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty\u2010seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Most (71.6%) were published in the last decade, mostly in high\u2010ranking journals. Iran, Israel and Saudi Arabia accounted for 80.5% of studies, and OTs were first or last authors in 47.7%. Services were mainly hospital based (inpatient 47.7%, outpatient 46%), with 59.7% involving multidisciplinary teams. Stroke dominated diagnoses (64.8%), whereas dementia was the least (1.3%). Intervention effectiveness was addressed in 35.8% of studies, including 16.4% randomised controlled trials. Home visits were rarely used. Sixty\u2010nine standardised assessments were reported, most commonly FIM, FM\u2010UE, BI, COPM, MMSE, MoCA and LOTCA. No home safety assessments were identified. Only two functional cognition tools were identified, with limited evidence of translation or cultural adaptation. Narrative synthesis revealed that OT neurorehabilitation research in MENA is growing. This aligns with the expansion of WFOT\u2010accredited OT programmes in MENA, which has increased research output from university\u2010affiliated OTs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed an emerging and rapidly expanding evidence base about OT neurorehabilitation in MENA. It highlights the need for more research about OT for conditions other than stroke. It shows that most research evidence is generated by university\u2010affiliated OTs, and more practitioner and practice research could be done, for example, home visits. Research about functional cognition is limited, and further investigation about awareness and use is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/oti\/5266195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T04:36:18Z","timestamp":1779338178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occupational Therapy Neurorehabilitation Practice in Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0196-7870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Abdulrahman","family":"Bin-Juwayr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4359-2443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Wesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9614-1462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Cusick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization Over 1 in 3 People Affected by Neurological Conditions the Leading Cause of Illness and Disability Worldwide 2024 https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/14-03-2024-over-1-in-3-people-affected-by-neurological-conditions--the-leading-cause-of-illness-and-disability-worldwide."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization Global Report on Health Equity for Persons With Disabilities 2022 https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240063600."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","unstructured":"United Nations Disability in the Arab Region 2018 https:\/\/www.unescwa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/pubs\/pdf\/disability-arab-region-2018-english_1.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","unstructured":"United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction Global Survey Report on Persons With Disabilities and Disasters 2023 https:\/\/www.undrr.org\/report\/2023-gobal-survey-report-on-persons-with-disabilities-and-disasters."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990\u20132017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"James S. 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