{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T03:05:55Z","timestamp":1777863955365,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":118,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21K15699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21K15699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Parkinson's Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF\u201015) has emerged as a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases. Although elevated serum GDF\u201015 levels have been reported in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), their association with clinical features has not been fully characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated serum GDF\u201015 concentrations in 40 patients with PD and analyzed their relationships with clinical measures, including motor severity (MDS\u2010UPDRS), quality of life (PDQ\u201039), sleep disturbances (PDSS\u20102), autonomic symptoms (SCOPA\u2010AUT), and cognitive function (MoCA\u2010J).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher serum GDF\u201015 levels were associated with older age and greater symptom burden across multiple domains. Significant relationships were observed with MDS\u2010UPDRS Parts I\u2013III and total scores, PDQ\u201039 summary index and bodily discomfort index, two different PDSS\u20102 domains (motor symptoms at night and PD symptoms at night), and SCOPA\u2010AUT total and gastrointestinal dysfunction scores. After adjusting for age, the associations between serum GDF\u201015 levels and MDS\u2010UPDRS Part II, Part III, and total scores remained significant. No sex\u2010related differences were detected. A trend toward lower MoCA\u2010J scores with increasing GDF\u201015 levels was observed but did not reach statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum GDF\u201015 levels are linked to both motor and nonmotor aspects of PD and may reflect overall disease burden. Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine their value for disease monitoring and prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/padi\/9949931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:34:05Z","timestamp":1777527245000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum GDF\u201015 Levels Correlate With Motor and Nonmotor Symptom Domains and Overall Disease Severity in Patients With Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6954-591X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Miyaue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Yabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Yasugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23462"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22868"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.21.11514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0530278100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac577"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl16049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2016080919"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.116616"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint15030066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12921"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2010.00585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Validation 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