{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:20:39Z","timestamp":1790360439251,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":314,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pulmonary Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study is to evaluate the distribution and drug resistance of infectious pathogens in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective study of AECOPD patients who underwent pathogen evaluation and drug susceptibility tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 199 hospitalized AECOPD patients were analyzed. Among them, 77.9% had monoinfection, and 22.1% had multiple infections. Two hundred and eighty\u2010eight strains were isolated, with 61.1% gram\u2010negative, 3.8% gram\u2010positive, and 35.0% fungi, while 58 strains were colonized. Common bacteria included\n                      <jats:italic>Haemophilus parainfluenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      were the main gram\u2010positive cocci, and\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudohyphae<\/jats:italic>\n                      were the main fungi. Fifty gram\u2010negative strains showed drug resistance (19 colonized strains), with high resistance to ceftriaxone in\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Methicillin\u2010resistant\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was resistant to penicillin but sensitive to other antibiotics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights the distribution of pathogens and the prevalence of drug\u2010resistant strains among AECOPD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/pm\/4025205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:36:18Z","timestamp":1762918578000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characteristics of Pathogens of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalized Patients: A Retrospective Study From 2010 to 2020"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2442-6893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songsong","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3643-3955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiecheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00239-2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00470-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0131"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-01958-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13872"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2020.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e68"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2015.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.627278"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0196-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-023-02587-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-01947-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S300779"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-22-133"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11111577"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.649884"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2013.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1708837"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20122974"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2010.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960100596"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0732-8893(02)00421-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0732-8893(01)00255-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v19i2.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_2","first-page":"729","article-title":"Bacteriology in Acute Exacerbation in Patients Hospitalized Frequently for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"94","author":"Guo Z.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_2","first-page":"3063","article-title":"Analysis of Sputum Culture Strain Distribution and Drug Resistance in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease of Different Severity","volume":"40","author":"Zhang J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chongqing Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_2","first-page":"1252","article-title":"Analysis of 1253 Sputum Specimens for Culture and Drug Sensitivity Testing","volume":"8","author":"Huang X.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Laboratory Medicine Clinic"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_2","first-page":"2248","article-title":"Distribution of Pathogens in Sputum Culture and Analysis of Drug Sensitivity","volume":"7","author":"Wang B.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laboratory Medicine Clinic"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3757-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4084\/MJHID.2013.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2225"}],"container-title":["Pulmonary Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/pm\/4025205","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/pm\/4025205","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/pm\/4025205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:03:18Z","timestamp":1772996598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/pm\/4025205"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Roberto Walter","family":"Dal Negro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/pm\/4025205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/pm\/4025205","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-1836","2090-1844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-1836","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-1844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4025205"}}