{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T09:46:03Z","timestamp":1792230363490,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":289,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004366","name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["67229, 66770"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["67229, 66770"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004366","name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["73151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["73151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine is a debilitating neurological condition, characterized by headache, photophobia, and heightened mechanical\/thermal sensitivity. Current pharmacological therapies often lead to incomplete relief and adverse effects, necessitating the use of noninvasive alternatives. This study evaluated transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) in a nitroglycerin (NTG)\u2010induced migraine model in male mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mice were assigned to Sham, NTG, NTG\u2009+\u2009Sumatriptan (SUMA; 600\u2009\u00b5g\/kg, s.c.), NTG\u2009+\u2009PBM, and NTG\u2009+\u2009PBM\u2009+\u2009SUMA groups. Over 9 days, NTG (5\u2009mg\/kg) was injected intraperitoneally every other day to develop an animal model of chronic migraine. The PBM protocol involved daily irradiation (810\u2009nm) on the occipital bone of the head for 5\u2009s over 9 days. The animals underwent behavioral testing for photophobia, mechanical allodynia, and thermal sensitivity. The trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) was assessed for miR\u2010155 expression by real\u2010time PCR and protein expression of phospho\u2010NF\u2010\u03baB, IL\u20101\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), calcitonin gene\u2013related peptide (CGRP), c\u2010Fos, and pituitary adenylate cyclase\u2013activating polypeptide (PACAP) using immunoblotting.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behavioral assessment revealed that PBM significantly reduced head scratching and improved exploratory activity, decreased light aversion, reversed periorbital\/hindpaw mechanical allodynia, and prolonged thermal withdrawal latency compared to the NTG group. Moreover, PBM downregulated miR\u2010155 expression and decreased levels of inflammatory mediators and migraine\u2010associated neuropeptides in the TNC. Notably, combined PBM and SUMA treatment resulted in improvements in behavioral and molecular outcomes compared to either treatment alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results indicate that PBM inhibited migraine\u2010like behaviors and decreased the expression of numerous molecular markers that are linked to neuroinflammation and trigeminal activation in the TNC. These findings establish a foundation for additional research on transcranial PBM as a noninvasive method for modulating migraine\u2010related behavioral responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/prm\/1530362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T09:17:38Z","timestamp":1792228658000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transcranial Photobiomodulation Attenuates Neurogenic Inflammation and Sensory Hypersensitivity in a Nitroglycerin\u2010Induced Migraine Model: Toward a Nonpharmacological Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7252-3896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sareh","family":"Kazmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6843-935X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Mahdi","family":"Vatandoust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8274-8570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Zanyar","family":"Athari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1613-9747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asal","family":"Ebrahimian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2525-3664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afshin","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9706-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javad","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2872-1072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Sadigh-Eteghad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0892-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojgan","family":"Rajabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7137-5158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina","family":"Akhbari-Shojaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5627-3584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramtin","family":"Neshan-Alipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdollah","family":"Nozad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7539-1497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moein","family":"Hosseinkhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4203-4618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6431-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Hamblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laser Research Centre University of Johannesburg  Doornfontein South Africa  uj.ac.za"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5349-6028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Farajdokht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"},{"name":"Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences  Tabriz Iran  tbzmed.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00328-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00763-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","first-page":"S23","article-title":"Migraine Overview and Summary of Current and Emerging Treatment Options","volume":"25","author":"Peters G. L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Journal of Managed Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.800605"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.1997.19030367.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-5-43"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10010076"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/ad.2019.0102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13529"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1996.1606412.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2009.01864.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417748563"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apha.2015.12.001","article-title":"MicroRNA-Based Biomarkers in Pain","volume":"75","author":"Ramanathan S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02342-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00416"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","first-page":"243","article-title":"Acute Migraine Headache: Treatment Strategies","volume":"97","author":"Mayans L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416660552"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414550416"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02650-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01494-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2019.4676"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201900043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.2310"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","volume-title":"Imaging, Therapeutics, and Advanced Technology in Head and Neck Surgery and Otolaryngology 2023","author":"Ferreira L. T.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2010.2928"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/s1973-9087.17.04432-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1006031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.35.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03187-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0879-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","first-page":"168","article-title":"The Caudalis DREZ for Facial Pain","volume":"68","author":"Bullard D. E.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201700370"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.nph.3.1.015003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166705"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1459-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01779-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynpai.2022.100105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13486"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-016-0624-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-023-01707-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-1070-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2018.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168929"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106072"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2017.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2022.35.1.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720300062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20180109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2018.0155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417742375"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01842-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0216-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024221118924"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11193092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1500-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1743288x10y.0000000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-12-86"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c6pp00360e"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-019-02785-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02056-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2001.00213.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.135809"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-019-02842-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20583"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2011.00337.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510381394"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201800173"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2016.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026212"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.22696"}],"container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/prm\/1530362","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/prm\/1530362","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/prm\/1530362","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T09:17:41Z","timestamp":1792228661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/prm\/1530362"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Valeriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/prm\/1530362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/prm\/1530362","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1203-6765","1918-1523"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1203-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1523","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1530362"}}