{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:48:41Z","timestamp":1781880521957,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82072534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82072534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82472593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472593"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the left primary motor cortex (M1) shows promise for treating neuropathic pain (NP) after spinal cord injury (SCI), but its efficacy remains limited. This study investigated whether combining rTMS on M1 with premotor cortex (PMC) could improve pain relief in SCI patients with NP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010nine subjects with NP post\u2010SCI were randomly assigned to three groups: M1\u2009+\u2009PMC (10\u2010Hz rTMS on left M1 and PMC), M1 (10\u2010Hz rTMS on left M1), and sham. They underwent daily rTMS sessions for 4\u2009weeks with 2\u2009days off each week. Pain was assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and the Short\u2010Form McGill Pain Questionnaire\u20102 (SF\u2010MPQ2). Functional near\u2010infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measured activations in bilateral M1, PMC, and primary somatosensory cortex (S1) during a handgrip task.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pain intensity gradually declined in the M1\u2009+\u2009PMC, M1, and sham groups over time. Both the M1 and M1\u2009+\u2009PMC groups experienced greater reductions in NRS scores compared to the sham group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), with the M1\u2009+\u2009PMC group showing the most significant reduction (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). The M1\u2009+\u2009PMC group showed pain relief from Weeks 1 to 6, along with notable inhibition of left M1 and the left PMC activation. The decrease in the oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentration in the left PMC is significantly positively correlated with the improvement of the NRS score (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.607,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.028) and SF\u2010MPQ2 (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.595,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.032), respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High\u2010frequency rTMS targeting both left M1 and the left PMC is more effective for NP after SCI than targeting left M1 alone, indicating a synergistic benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      Chinese Clinical Trials Registry: ChiCTR2000029024\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/prm\/4002703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T07:17:59Z","timestamp":1769843879000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Analgesic Enhancing Effects of Coupling M1 and PMC rTMS on Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: An fNIRS Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6174-8008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangbo","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2308-7978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8554-2086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baijie","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1069-2184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fen","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2498-8375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2535-5800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8986-5788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenguang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0467-8332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7945-5136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-053476"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001740"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2008.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-190934"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab208"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000242731.10074.3c"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102342"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001760"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91872-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12337"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158975"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13948"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2021-100702"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000492"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24605"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-170733"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2020-0054"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1532-2149.2013.00320.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57040353"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-019-05138-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2023.137398"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.575"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05319-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1077218"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.022236"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1156"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3671800"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-020-00785-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04096.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12152-018-9361-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11050665"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-014-0166-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(93)90064-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp035"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2015.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.10.046"}],"container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/prm\/4002703","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/prm\/4002703","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/prm\/4002703","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T07:18:01Z","timestamp":1769843881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/prm\/4002703"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Filippo","family":"Brighina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/prm\/4002703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/prm\/4002703","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1203-6765","1918-1523"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1203-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1523","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4002703"}}