{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:45:28Z","timestamp":1791873928978,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":284,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether regional iron levels are associated with endogenous pain\u2010inhibitory function and whether iron\u2010sensitive MRI techniques, quantitative magnetic susceptibility (QSM) and  mapping capture differences in midbrain iron content in the globus pallidus (GP), periaqueductal grey (PAG), and red nucleus (RN) across chronic pain (CP), migraineurs (M), and healthy volunteers (HV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty participants (20 CP, 20 M, and 20 HV) underwent a 3T MRI examination. Pain modulatory and autonomic function was assessed using conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and pupil reflex dilation (PRD) across all participants (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200960), whereas quantitative sensory testing (QST) and pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ) were assessed in CP and M only (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200940). Group differences and iron\u2013pain relationships were evaluated using ANOVA or Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests and linear regression models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Distinct region\u2010 and modality\u2010specific relationships were observed between iron\u2010sensitive MRI measures and pain\u2010related outcomes.  RN was associated with absolute and relative CPM effects. QSM PAG was associated with temporal summation and showed a trend\u2010level association with subjective pain sensitivity (PSQ\u2010minor). Autonomic reactivity PRD was associated with  measures in both regions.  RN was related to PRD during heat stimulation, whereas  PAG was related to PRD during heat and cold\u2010water conditioning. QSM\/ RN were further associated with mechanical pain threshold (MPT) and mechanical pain sensitivity (MPS). Group\u2010level differences were, however, minimal between CP, migraine, and HV cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Modality\u2010specific associations between iron\u2010sensitive MRI measures and descending inhibition, nociceptive gain, and autonomic reactivity were observed. These findings indicate that QSM and  mapping together capture individual variation in pain\u2010modulatory physiology, supporting the concept of an iron\u2010related biotype of pain modulation rather than a categorical marker. In contrast, regional iron content did not differentiate CP, M, and HV groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/prm\/5063039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:53:33Z","timestamp":1791870813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iron\u2010Sensitive MRI Reveals Individual Differences in Pain Modulation Rather Than Categorical Markers in Chronic Pain and Migraine"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4732-3159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Ydlibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein  Kiel Schleswig-Holstein Germany  uksh.de"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Salehi 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