{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T07:49:58Z","timestamp":1782200998039,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":173,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82274664"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82274664"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82430124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82430124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic migraine (CM) is a highly prevalent and disabling neurological disorder lacking universally effective treatments. Acupuncture has shown significant clinical efficacy, yet its precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of acupuncture in CM, integrating gut microbiota and metabolomic analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty\u2010two Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: control (Con), CM model (Mod), acupuncture (Acu), model\u2009+\u2009probiotics (Mod\u2009+\u2009Pro), model\u2009+\u2009antibiotics (Mod\u2009+\u2009Anti), acupuncture\u2009+\u2009probiotics (Acu\u2009+\u2009Pro), and acupuncture\u2009+\u2009antibiotics (Acu\u2009+\u2009Anti). CM was induced via subcutaneous nitroglycerin injection. Acupuncture was performed for nine days at bilateral Shuaigu (GB8) and Yanglingquan (GB34) points (20\u2009min\/day). Probiotics were administered by oral gavage of a mixed\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      preparation for 9\u2009days; antibiotics were given as an oral cocktail for 2\u2009weeks premodeling. Pain sensitivity and central inflammation were assessed by behavioral tests and ELISA. Gut microbiota and metabolites were profiled using 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Acupuncture alleviated pain hypersensitivity and central inflammation, reversing CM\u2010induced gut dysbiosis, with marked effects on Akkermansia muciniphila and\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Metabolomics identified multiple altered metabolites, with strong correlations between\n                      <jats:italic>Limosilactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and unclassified_Lactobacillaceae and cis\u20105\u2010dodecenoic acid and dihydrolipoamide. Network analysis revealed\n                      <jats:italic>Limosilactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      as a core node, suggesting modulation of gut\u2013brain axis signaling via specific metabolic pathways. Exogenous\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      markedly alleviated hyperalgesia and inflammation in model rats, with further analgesic and anti\u2010inflammatory potentiation when combined with acupuncture.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Acupuncture may exert antimigraine effects by modulating the\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013metabolite\u2013inflammation axis, restoring gut homeostasis, and alleviating pain and neuroinflammation. Probiotic supplementation further supports the role of gut microbiota in mediating acupuncture\u2019s benefits, offering insight for mechanistic studies and clinical translation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/prm\/5189419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T07:28:43Z","timestamp":1782199723000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acupuncture Alleviates Neuroinflammation in Chronic Migraine by Modulating\n                    <i>Lactobacillus<\/i>\n                    and Its Metabolite 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