{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T14:16:50Z","timestamp":1791728210929,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":337,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the self\u2010efficacy and self\u2010management practises of people with low back pain (LBP), including associations between participant characteristics, self\u2010efficacy and self\u2010management. The secondary aim was to describe the characteristics of people with LBP who use smartphone apps for self\u2010management, including app preferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cross\u2010sectional online survey of Australian adults with current or previous LBP. Descriptive statistics were completed for all variables. Associations between participant characteristics, self\u2010efficacy and self\u2010management were explored through linear regression. Alpha was 0.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 136 survey responses were included (55.5\u2009\u00b1\u200914.5\u2009years, 74% female). Most participants (93%) had LBP at the time of the survey and reported constant or daily (58%) pain of moderate severity. Nearly all participants managed their LBP on their own (91%), with the most frequently used self\u2010management options including exercise (47%), advice from health professionals (38%) and pharmacological management (37%). Most self\u2010managed either moderately (35%) or fairly (32%) well, with a mean self\u2010management score of 11.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.0 out of 20 and a mean self\u2010efficacy score of 3.6 (\u00b10.8), well above mid\u2010range of 2.5. Lower socioeconomic status and higher scores in personality traits were associated with higher self\u2010efficacy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Longer duration and increased recurrence of LBP were associated with lower self\u2010efficacy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Participants with higher self\u2010management scores were female, older, with higher scores in personality traits aside from agreeableness and lower severity of LBP (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Seventeen participants (13%) used apps.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Most adults with LBP self\u2010managed well and had above\u2010average self\u2010efficacy. Smartphone app use was limited, with lack of knowledge a perceived barrier (59%,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200973).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/prm\/5584106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T07:03:07Z","timestamp":1764918187000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Self\u2010Efficacy, Self\u2010Management and Use of Smartphone Apps for Low\u2010Back 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