{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:12:57Z","timestamp":1792804377674,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":201,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171189"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), which can noninvasively entrain oscillatory brain activity, has attracted scientific attention as a possible technique to control pain. However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the preventive effect of tACS on postoperative pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This double\u2010blind, randomized, sham\u2010controlled trial enrolled 72 patients undergoing elective video\u2010assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive a single 20\u2010min session of \u03b1\u2010tACS on the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) or sham stimulation postoperatively. The primary outcomes were postoperative numerical rating scale pain scores and opioid consumption at 24\u2009h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included cumulative opioid consumption within 48\u2009h and Quality of Recovery\u201015 (QoR\u201015) score. Adverse events were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The tACS group exhibited significantly lower resting pain scores versus the sham group (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.49, 95% confidence interval [CI], \u22120.78 to \u22120.20,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) and lower movement pain scores versus the sham group (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.45, 95% CI, \u22120.84 to \u22120.06,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.025), though cumulative opioid consumption showed no difference at 24\u2009h (median difference [MD]\u2009=\u20091.0\u2009mg; 95% CI, \u22122.3 to 2.5;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.76) and 48\u2009h (MD\u2009=\u20093.3\u2009mg; 95% CI, \u22120.6 to 9.1;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.10) postoperatively. Additionally, the area under the curve for resting pain over 2\u201324\u2009h (AUC\n                      <jats:sub>2\u201324 h<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and 2\u201348\u2009h (AUC\n                      <jats:sub>2\u201348 h<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), as well as the AUC\n                      <jats:sub>2\u201348 h<\/jats:sub>\n                      of movement pain scores, were significantly lower in the tACS group. Moreover, QoR\u201015 scores and adverse events were also comparable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For patients undergoing VATS, a single \u03b1\u2010tACS treatment targeting the bilateral S1 regions yielded a statistically significant yet modest reduction in postoperative pain. However, no significant decrease in postoperative opioid consumption was observed, and further research is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      Chinese Registry of Clinical Trials: ChiCTR2300078723\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/prm\/6121920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:25:54Z","timestamp":1784622354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Prevention of Postoperative Pain After Video\u2010Assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5507-4285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Jin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6359-1552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4763-7344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi-Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4407-1510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ni","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7065-5411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6785-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-Jun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001939"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(16)00173-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199907000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jpr.s144066"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.1039"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)30352-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/S105","article-title":"Opioid Complications and Side Effects","volume":"11","author":"Benyamin R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tbcr-23-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jatmed.2024.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/jpr.s341550"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-023-01118-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ad37d9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.5252-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz2747"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(07)70032-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","first-page":"281","article-title":"Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation to Modulate Oscillations in Pain Disorders","volume":"37","author":"Wandrey J. 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