{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T01:27:38Z","timestamp":1792891658509,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":334,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frailty represents a geriatric syndrome characterized by diminished physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. While chronic diseases are established frailty risk factors, the relationship between migraine\u2014a prevalent neurological condition affecting millions globally\u2014and frailty development remains unexplored, representing a critical knowledge gap in geriatric neurology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional analysis using baseline data (2011\u20132015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationally representative cohort. Frailty was assessed using a validated 32\u2010item Frailty Index based on deficit accumulation theory. Multivariable logistic regression models examined migraine\u2010frailty associations, with sequential adjustment for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, and comorbid conditions. Subgroup analyses evaluated effect modification across key demographic and clinical variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 13,798 participants (mean age 57.6\u2009\u00b1\u20099.1\u2009years; 49.6% female), 598 (4.3%) reported migraine and 1,315 (9.5%) met frailty criteria. Migraine participants demonstrated a 4.5\u2010fold higher frailty prevalence (37.0% vs. 8.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and significantly elevated median frailty scores (20.0 vs. 7.8,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). A multivariable analysis revealed a robust independent association (OR\u2009=\u20095.61, 95% CI: 4.51\u20136.99,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Smoking status significantly modified this relationship (P\u2010interaction\u2009=\u20090.025), with the strongest associations in ever\u2010smokers (OR\u2009=\u20098.78, 95% CI: 4.36\u201317.69) and current smokers (OR\u2009=\u20097.30, 95% CI: 4.87\u201310.96).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study establishes migraine as a novel independent risk factor for frailty in Chinese middle\u2010aged and older adults. The pronounced smoking interaction suggests targeted tobacco cessation interventions may benefit frailty prevention in migraine patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/prm\/8392878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T09:23:11Z","timestamp":1764580991000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association Between Migraine and Frailty Among Middle\u2010Aged and Older Adults: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study Based on 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