{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:51:26Z","timestamp":1772981486852,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761177600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":295,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006686","name":"University of Miami","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T37MD008647"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T37MD008647"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to identify sociodemographic factors associated with cannabis use for chronic pain management before and after COVID\u201019 was declared a pandemic. Furthermore, it seeks to compare cannabis use patterns in adults with and without chronic pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed US\u2010based responses from the COVID\u201019 Cannabis Health Study, a cross\u2010sectional online survey administered via REDCap between March 2020 and March 2022. All respondents were cannabis consumers in the past year. Cannabis use patterns and chronic pain were self\u2010reported via the COVID\u201019 Cannabis Health Questionnaire. Statistical analysis included Chi\u2010square tests, Fisher\u2019s exact tests,\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests, and multivariable logistic regression with a two\u2010tailed alpha of 0.05 for significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 2243 participants, 50.3% consumed cannabis to manage chronic pain. Younger age (&lt; 40\u2009years; aOR: 3.20, 95% CI: 2.59\u20133.96), Hispanic\/Latino ethnicity (aOR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.56\u20133.05), and higher income levels (&gt; $100,000 annually; aOR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.25\u20132.29) were associated with higher odds of consuming cannabis to manage chronic pain. Participants using cannabis for chronic pain were more likely to use a CBD\/THC ratio. The pandemic led to increased dosages and changes in consumption methods: 40.5% increased their cannabis dose, smoking as the primary method declined from 62.2% before the pandemic to 34.5% afterward, while edibles rose from 7.9% to 30.9%, and tinctures from 3.2% to 8.6%. Route changes varied with chronic pain status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a shift from smoking to nonsmoking methods to manage chronic pain. Those who were younger and those of Hispanic\/Latino ethnicity had higher odds of using cannabis for chronic pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/prm\/9631487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T05:48:33Z","timestamp":1761284913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cannabis Use Patterns Among Adults Living With Chronic Pain Before and During the COVID Pandemic: Insights From the COVID\u201019 Cannabis Health Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0961-9665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrit","family":"Baral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8254-6928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise C.","family":"Vidot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6271-2722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bria-Necole A.","family":"Diggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5094-3719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1205-5194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varan","family":"Govind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0208-3658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Widerstrom-Noga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1357-919X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johis","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4005-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marvin","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9742-7240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Sagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6736a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h532"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000154908.76436.c2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2022.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2019.1621410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2008\/11\/S105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","volume-title":"Expanding Hot-Melt Extrusion Based Abuse-Deterrent Formulation Technology From Extended Release (ER) to Immediate Release (IR) Application","author":"Kraus A.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.600037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m22-1512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01259"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5041\/rmmj.10129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040660"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.49797"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2020-002661"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2023.1297223"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Therapeutic Benefits of Cannabis: A Patient Survey","volume":"73","author":"Webb C. 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