{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T07:14:14Z","timestamp":1770880454427,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intravenous (IV) line insertion causes pain and stress in children. However, we know about the permanent effects of painful experiences on a child\u2019s life, but this main clinical complaint has been underestimated and left untreated. This study was conducted to compare the effect of the nonpharmacological method of \u201cdistraction\u201d and two medicinal methods, \u201cnasal midazolam\u201d and \u201coral melatonin,\u201d on reducing pain and stress caused by IV line insertion in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: control, distraction, oral melatonin, and nasal midazolam. Pain and stress scores were measured and compared using a standard questionnaire during and after IV insertion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, the partial\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.12 for stress and 0.085 for pain. Parental presence showed a stronger effect (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &lt;\u20090.05), with a partial\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.27 in reducing stress and 0.30 in reducing pain. The underlying disease of the child had no significant relationship with pain and anxiety (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &gt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we found that the levels of stress and pain were statistically significant between the 4 study groups: the children who had not managed to reduce pain and anxiety before IV insertion (control group), the oral melatonin group, the nasal midazolam group, and the distraction group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value\u2009=\u20090.016 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value\u2009=\u20090.002, respectively). Oral melatonin is more effective than nasal midazolam in reducing pain and stress caused by venipuncture in children.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): 20220128053852N2<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/prm\/9887917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T06:40:54Z","timestamp":1770878454000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparing Intranasal Midazolam, Oral Melatonin, and Distraction Cards for Pain and Stress Management in Pediatric Intravenous Line Insertion: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Sima","family":"Akhavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sedighe","family":"Shah Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3007-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilufar","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1976-7311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minoo","family":"Saeidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v94i4.14289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23320249241253746"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","unstructured":"Procedural Pain Management in Children & Youth: A Toolkit for Health Professionals|Sure https:\/\/www.substanceuse.ca\/procedural-pain-management-children-youth-toolkit-health-professionals."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2024-002881"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2024.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children11121420"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-025-02941-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina54060094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-019-0305-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2018-0039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","unstructured":"KennedyR. M. LuhmannJ. andZempskyW. T. Clinical Implications of Unmanaged Needle-Insertion Pain and Distress in Children."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","unstructured":"R Child Hosp Melb [Internet] 2012 How to Use BUZZY\u2026 in Healthcare Settings"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ajp.0000000000000625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children6020033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/jmdc.1319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0000000000000778"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ajp.0000000000000666"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2017.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v89i6-S.7378"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ms9.0000000000002163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.60575"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/cwkf1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201801_14120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Optimal Volume of Administration of Intranasal Midazolam in Children","volume":"176","author":"Kaiser J. M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiology and Behavior"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","first-page":"1412","article-title":"Comparison of Intranasal Ketamine and Midazolam in Peripheral IV Access in Children Presenting to the Emergency Department, a Randomized Clinical Trial. Pakistan J","volume":"14","author":"Jafarnejad S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Heal Sci"}],"container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/prm\/9887917","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/prm\/9887917","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/prm\/9887917","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T06:40:57Z","timestamp":1770878457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/prm\/9887917"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vittori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/prm\/9887917"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/prm\/9887917","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1203-6765","1918-1523"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1203-6765","type":"print"},{"value":"1918-1523","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9887917"}}