{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:16:20Z","timestamp":1791951380050,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":76,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Radiculitis\u2010induced pain (RIP) results from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensitization due to inflammation. Hypoxia\u2010inducible factor 1\u2010alpha (HIF\u20101\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is linked to inflammatory responses through metabolic changes, but its role in RIP is not well understood. Gua Sha therapy has been shown to reduce inflammation and neural damage from lumbar disc herniation (LDH). This study investigates whether HIF\u20101\u03b1\u2013mediated metabolic reprogramming contributes to the pain\u2010relieving effects of Gua Sha in RIP.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Male SD rats were subjected to LDH surgery and divided into six groups: sham, model, sham Gua Sha, Gua Sha, Gua Sha\u2009+\u2009DMOG, and Gua Sha\u2009+\u2009YC\u20101. Gua Sha was applied 5\u2009days postsurgery, every other day for three sessions per course, totaling three courses. Changes in paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and latency (PWL) were monitored, along with blood flow in the rats\u2019 backs. Levels of IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and NF\u2010\u03baB were assessed in serum and DRG tissue. Pathological changes and hypoxia in DRG tissues were observed using hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining and immunofluorescence. Western blotting and qPCR measured HIF\u20101\u03b1, GLUT1, PFKM, and PDK1 expression, while lactic acid and ATP levels in DRG tissue were also evaluated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Gua Sha increased PWT and PWL, reduced serum and DRG inflammatory factors, improved back microcirculation, alleviated DRG hypoxia, and decreased HIF\u20101\u03b1 and related signaling factors. It also lowered lactic acid and raised ATP levels. DMOG, a HIF\u20101\u03b1 activator, reversed these effects. HIF\u20101\u03b1 activation did not affect serum inflammatory factors but partially improved PWT. Inhibition of HIF\u20101\u03b1 with YC\u20101 did not significantly differ from Gua Sha alone.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    HIF\u20101\u03b1\u2013mediated metabolic reprogramming is a pathogenic mechanism in RIP. Gua Sha alleviates RIP by enhancing microcirculation, improving DRG hypoxia, inhibiting HIF\u20101\u03b1\u2013mediated reprogramming, and reducing DRG sensitization and inflammation. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of Gua Sha\u2019s therapeutic effects in RIP.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/prm\/9923147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T03:20:33Z","timestamp":1742268033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gua Sha Alleviates Radiculitis\u2010Induced Pain Via HIF\u20101\u03b1\u2013Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming Pathway in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6228-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haotian","family":"Ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5210-4245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuxia","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1241-5472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingwan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3396-948X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujie","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1229-6755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiayi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3293-9963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2623-4991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guihua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0230-426X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2023.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00733-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.04.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0910283"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.2040052.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198906000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-020-01629-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2009.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.123.3191.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160809"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20765"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03505-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2021.11878"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01151-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00944"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15327"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00745.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2021.105227"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2012.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2007.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","first-page":"419","article-title":"Systematic Evaluation of Scraping Therapy for Pain Symptoms in Lumbar Disc Herniation and GRADE Evidence Quality Evidence","volume":"26","author":"Gao Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica-World Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0254-6272(18)30908-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","first-page":"500","article-title":"Effects of Gua Sha Therapy on Inflammatory Factors of DRG and Serum Pain Substances in a Lumbar Disc Herniation Rat Model","volume":"28","author":"Hong-yan Z. 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