{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T15:02:22Z","timestamp":1785510142058,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":211,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain Research and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Musculoskeletal pain is a major concern for agricultural workers worldwide. However, access to safe and non\u2010opioid pain relief measures is limited in resource\u2010scarce settings. Hemp flower oil, a rich source of cannabinoids and terpenes, has been recognised as a promising adjunct pain therapy due to its analgesic and anti\u2010inflammatory activities through the activation of CB\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors, TRP channels, cytokine downregulation and antioxidant mechanisms. This study is a systematic scoping review with narrative synthesis conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines which aims at addressing this issue through a comprehensive analysis of available evidence using a phytochemical, mechanistic, genomic and sustainability approach. This review is guided by the PRISMA framework and incorporates a total of\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200944 studies conducted between 2000 and 2025. Preclinical research accounted for a significant proportion of the overall evidence (68%), indicating a strong mechanistic rationale for hemp flower oil as a pain reliever. Clinical trials accounted for a small proportion of the overall evidence (23%), while genomic research accounted for a small proportion of the overall evidence (9%), indicating associations between cytokine polymorphisms and ion channel variants and cannabinoid receptor genotypes. This review aims to bridge the gaps and address the knowledge gaps and research priorities through a comprehensive analysis of available evidence and a roadmap for future research using a novel interdisciplinary approach. Hemp flower oil shows preliminary potential, but current clinical evidence remains limited and of low certainty for managing musculoskeletal pain in agricultural workers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/prm\/9985227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T14:15:21Z","timestamp":1785507321000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hemp Flower Oil and Occupational Pain Management in Farming Communities: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7094-3284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thobile","family":"Kaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0405-0521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baatile","family":"Komane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2024.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.120.000046"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28134928"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01845-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1568548"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.104195"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2023.1220034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erae405"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","article-title":"Overview of Pain\u2014Neurologic Disorders","author":"MSD Manual","year":"2025","journal-title":"MSD Manual Prof"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13030530"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","article-title":"Comprehensive Insight Into Cutaneous Application of Hemp and Its Therapeutic Properties","author":"\u017dugi\u0107 A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cosmetics & Toiletries"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.16116"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1285052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/agg2.70018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.07.30.605795"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147302"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18081100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01259"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23485-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01234"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12183505"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2023.105803"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"29","author":"Page M. 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