{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:43:25Z","timestamp":1757702605508,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1826,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1826,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004429","name":"University of Crete","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The placenta, one of the most important fetal tissues during gestation, ensures nutrition, development and protection of the fetus. Although placenta lacks expression of class II MHC antigens, they can be induced either by interferon\u2010gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3) on the spongiotrophoblast zone, or by 5\u2010azacytidine (5\u2010azaC) on the labyrinthine trophoblast zone, two agents actively participating in a plethora of immunological and inflammatory reactions. This induction is correlated with fetal abortion and fetal developmental abnormalities. In this work the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> signal transduction pathways followed by IFN\u2010\u03b3 or 5\u2010azaC to induce class H antigen expression on placental cells by using specific pathway inhibitors has been studied. It is shown that at least three intracellular pathways are implicated in the Ia induction, p21<jats:sup>ras<\/jats:sup> is the first protein activated by the two agents while further signalling requires Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> mobilization and PKC activations. When the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> results are transferred to live animals using the same inducing agents and pathway inhibitors, it is found that theophylline (Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\/CaM inhibitor) and anti\u2010p21<jats:sup>ras<\/jats:sup> are the most potent suppressors of the IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010 and 5\u2010azaC\u2010induced side effects during pregnancy. The data presented here point to novel directions not only as to the intracellular signalling, but also to the use of pathway inhibitors <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> to treat aberrant antigen expression associated with fetal loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/s0962935195000342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,14]],"date-time":"2007-03-14T11:15:28Z","timestamp":1173870928000},"page":"209-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analysis of the IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010induced signal transduction pathway in fetal rejection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Irene","family":"Athanassakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/1995\/808392.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/S0962935195000342","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:40:40Z","timestamp":1723070440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/S0962935195000342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/S0962935195000342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/s0962935195000342","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-9351","1466-1861"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0962-9351"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1466-1861"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}