{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:59:09Z","timestamp":1782514749153,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic> To evaluate the risk of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (VVS) associated with genital infections in a\ncase\u2013control study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic>Diagnosed cases with VVS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>  = 69) and age\u2010frequency\u2010matched healthy controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>  = 65) were\nenrolled from gynecology clinics in a university medical hospital during 1999. They were compared for potential\nrisk factors and symptoms of disease.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic>  VVS cases had a significantly higher risk of physician\u2010reported bacterial vaginosis (BV) (odds ratio,\nOR = 9.4), Candida albicans (OR = 5.7), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (OR = 11.2), trichomoniasis\n(OR = 20.6), and vulvar dysplasia (OR = l5.7) but no risk associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), ASCUS,\ncervical dysplasia, genital warts, chlamydia, genital herpes or gonorrhea. Genital symptoms reported significantly\nmore often with VVS included vulvar burning (91 vs. 12%), dyspareunia (81 vs. 15%), vulvar itching (68 vs. 23%)\nand dysuria (54 vs. 19%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusion: A history of genital infections is associated with an increased risk of VVS. Long\u2010term follow\u2010up\ncase\u2013control studies are needed to elucidate etiologic mechanisms, methods for prevention and effective\ntreatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/s1064744902000224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,7]],"date-time":"2007-03-07T13:12:46Z","timestamp":1173273166000},"page":"193-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Case\u2013Control Study of Vulvar Vestibulitis Risk Associated WithGenital Infections"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Elaine M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine M.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolph","family":"Galask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica E.","family":"Pugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Ricks-McGillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,25]]},"container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/2002\/387609.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/2002\/387609.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/S1064744902000224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T21:23:16Z","timestamp":1723065796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/S1064744902000224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/S1064744902000224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/s1064744902000224","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-7449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-7449","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-09-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-02-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-02-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}