{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:34:56Z","timestamp":1790685296098,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective:<\/jats:italic> The aim of this study was investigate the impact of vaginal flora and vaginal inflammation on\nconception and early pregnancy loss following <jats:italic>in-vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization (IVF).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Methods:<\/jats:italic> We enrolled 91 women who were undergoing IVF. At embryo transfer (ET), all of the women had\nquantitative vaginal culture, ET catheter\u2010tip culture, and vaginal Gram stain scored for bacterial vaginosis and\nquantitated for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Conception and early pregnancy loss were compared\nwith culture and Gram stain results. Statistical analyses included the Chi\u2010square test, Fisher\u2032s exact test and\nthe Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Results:<\/jats:italic> The overall live birth rate (LBR) was 30% (27\/91), and the rate of early pregnancy loss was 34% (14\/41). In\nwomen with bacterial vaginosis, intermediate flora and normal flora, the conception rates were 30% (3\/10), 39%\n(12\/31) and 52% (26\/50), respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.06 for trend). Early pregnancy loss occurred in 33% (1\/3), 42%\n(5\/12) and 31% (8\/26) of women, respectively (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.06, comparing intermediate and normal flora). The vaginal\nlog concentration of hydrogen peroxide\u2010producing lactobacilli was 7.3 \u00b1 1.7 in women with a live birth (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 27)\nand 4.9  \u00b1 2.5 in those with early pregnancy loss (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 14) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.1).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic> IVF patients with bacterial vaginosis and with a decreased vaginal log concentration of hydrogen\nperoxide\u2010producing lactobacilli may have decreased conception rates and increased rates of early pregnancy loss.\nA larger prospective treatment trial designed to evaluate the impact on IVF outcomes of optimizing the vaginal\nflora prior to IVF may be warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/s1064744903000024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,7]],"date-time":"2007-03-07T13:24:38Z","timestamp":1173273878000},"page":"11-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Relationship of Vaginal Bacteria and Inflammation WithConception and Early Pregnancy Loss Following <i>In-Vitro<\/i> Fertilization"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Linda O.","family":"Eckert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy L.","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy J.","family":"Agnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Eschenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,22]]},"container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/2003\/545298.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/S1064744903000024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T09:55:02Z","timestamp":1723110902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/S1064744903000024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,22]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/S1064744903000024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/s1064744903000024","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-7449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-7449","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-10-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-10-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-10-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}