{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:05:34Z","timestamp":1775066734300,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1461,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The 60kD heat shock protein (hsp60) is a highly conserved protein and a dominant antigen of\nmost pathogenic bacteria. In some women, chronic or repeated upper genital tract infections with\n<jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>, and possibly with other microorganisms, induces immune sensitization to\nepitopes of hsp60 that are present in both the microbial and human hsp60. Once a woman becomes\nsensitized to these conserved epitpes, any subsequent induction of human or bacterial hsp60\nexpression will reactivate hsp60\u2010sensitized lymphocytes and initiate a pro\u2010inflammatory immune\nresponse. Hsp60 is expressed during the early stages of pregnancy, by both the embryo and the\nmaternal decidua. We examined, therefore, whether women who were sensitized to hsp60 experienced\nless successful pregnancy outcomes compared to women who were not sensitized to this\nantigen. In women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), the presence of cervical IgA antibodies\nreactive with the <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> hsp60 correlated with implantation failure after embryo transfer.\nFurther analysis revealed that an immunodominant epitope for these IgA antibodies was an hsp60\nepitope shared between <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and man. In subsequent studies of women not undergoing\nIVF, cervical IgA antibodies to the human hsp60 were identified in 13 of 91 reproductive age\nwomen. This antibody was most prevalent in those women with a history of primary infertility\n(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). In addition, cervical anti\u2010hsp60 IgA correlated with the detection of the pro\u2010inflammatory\ncytokines interferon\u2010\u03b3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02) in the cervix.\nConversely, women with proven fertility had the highest prevalence of the anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine,\ninterleukin 10, in their cervices (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). In an analysis of serum samples in a third study,\nwomen with a history of two or more consecutive first trimester spontaneous abortions had a higher\nprevalence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) of IgG antibodies to the human hsp60 (36.8%) than did age matched fertile\nwomen (11.1%) or women with primary infertility (11.8%). Immune sensitization to epitopes expressed\nby the human hsp60 may reduce the probability of a successful pregnancy outcome due to\nreactivation of hsp60\u2010reactive lymphocytes, induction of a pro\u2010inflammatory cytokine response and\ninterference with early embryo development and\/or implantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/s1064744996000336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,7]],"date-time":"2007-03-07T13:01:43Z","timestamp":1173272503000},"page":"152-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Immune Recognition of the 60kD Heat Shock Protein: Implications for Subsequent Fertility"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Steven S.","family":"Witkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Jeremias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Neuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Kligman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miklos","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Willner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keren","family":"Witkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,10]]},"container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/1996\/125927.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/1996\/125927.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/S1064744996000336","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T21:48:06Z","timestamp":1723067286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/S1064744996000336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"references-count":0,"aliases":["10.1002\/(sici)1098-0997(1996)4:3<152::aid-idog9>3.0.co;2-2"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/S1064744996000336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/s1064744996000336","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1064-7449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1064-7449","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1996-09-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-10-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1996-10-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}