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Their therapeutic appeal lies in their immune\u2010modulating properties, along with a lower risk of immune response or tumor formation compared to whole cell\u2010based therapies. It has been highlighted that exosomes can be engineered to deliver therapeutic molecules such as RNAs, proteins, and drugs to specific cells, tissues, and organs, making them a promising tool for targeted therapies. This review summarizes the sources of exosomes from different types of stem cells, covering the components of their molecular cargos from different types of RNAs, proteins, growth factors, and other molecules. The focus is on the different advanced methods used to isolate and characterize the exosomes. 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