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Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), derived from the neural crest and easily obtained from extracted teeth, exhibit considerable potential for neural regeneration. This potential is attributed to their ability to directly differentiate into various neuronal cell types, paracrine effects, and interactions with biomaterial scaffolds. In this review, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms by which hDPSCs support neural repair, highlighting their direct neuronal differentiation function, neuroprotection function via paracrine signaling, and recent innovations in biomaterial scaffolds that enhance the viability of hDPSCs for neuroregenerative applications. Preclinical studies have shown promising therapeutic effects of hDPSCs in spinal cord injuries (SCI), strokes, Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), and peripheral nerve injuries. However, challenges remain, including optimizing neuronal differentiation specificity, ensuring immunological safety, and achieving scalable clinical applications. 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