{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T10:02:14Z","timestamp":1784800934011,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":203,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scientifica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Albizia myriophylla<\/jats:italic>\n                    Benth. is a medicinal plant possessing anti\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity, a key pathogen associated with dental caries, due to the presence of antimicrobial compounds such as lupinifolin. This study aimed to optimize a solvent system for solubilizing\n                    <jats:italic>A. myriophylla<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract. Initially, the anti\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity of the stem extract was determined, revealing minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of 8 and 256\u2009\u03bcg\/mL, respectively. Five solvents\u2014water, 95% ethanol, glycerin, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400, and propylene glycol (PG)\u2014were evaluated. The extract exhibited higher solubility in PG, followed by 95% ethanol and PEG 400. Based on these results, 95% ethanol, PG, and water were selected for mixture optimization using an I\u2010optimal design. A design space was constructed to ensure a minimum of 90% recovery of lupinifolin, achieving approximately 50% of the defined knowledge space. The optimal formulation for preparing a 5%\n                    <jats:italic>A. myriophylla<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract consisted of 95% ethanol, PG, and water in a mass ratio of 0.30:0.63:0.07. This formulation yielded a lupinifolin recovery ranging from 94.18% to 101.01%. A verification step confirmed the predictive accuracy and reliability of the model. Finally, the optimal formulation was evaluated for its anti\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity, which demonstrated effective antimicrobial properties. In conclusion, this study successfully identified a suitable solvent system for solubilizing\n                    <jats:italic>A. myriophylla<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract, which can serve as a guideline for the development of oral sprays targeting\n                    <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    in future research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/sci5\/3315055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:11:51Z","timestamp":1784797911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimized Solubilization of\n                    <i>Albizia myriophylla<\/i>\n                    Benth. Extract Using I\u2010Optimal Design for Anti\u2010\n                    <i>Streptococcus mutans<\/i>\n                    Activity"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaowalit","family":"Monton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5441-3770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thaniya","family":"Wunnakup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5223-9203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jirapornchai","family":"Suksaeree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)31146-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eos.12824"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/dj9080088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.btre.2022.e00777"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2011.649430"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics10050125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2021.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Antibacterial Effect of Herbal Plants Against Three Cariogenic Microorganisms","volume":"37","author":"Pumpaluk P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mahidol Dental Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2015.1014920"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjp.2018.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2024.105706"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-013-0085-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","first-page":"806","article-title":"Anti-Streptococcus mutans Activity of Lupinifolin From Ethanol Extract of Albizia myriophylla Benth","volume":"42","author":"Joycharat N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"KKU Science Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.7857"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12982\/CMUJNS.2022.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12982\/NLSC.2024.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8178294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2017.10.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.7.2.2105-2120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2013.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2023.e01585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-44329-6.00002-4","volume-title":"Equine Internal Medicine","author":"Davis J. 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