{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T20:37:07Z","timestamp":1775248627730,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":358,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scientifica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> is a critical\u2010class pathogen that shows great resistance to most conventional antibiotics. Hence, it is of utmost importance to search for novel drugs to fight infections caused by this bacterium. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of <jats:italic>Lippia multiflora, Terminalia mollis,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cinchona officinalis<\/jats:italic> extracts alone and in combination with antibiotics against multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. Phytochemical analysis was performed using standard qualitative and quantitative assays. The microdilution method was used to assess the antibacterial and antibiotic\u2010resistance modulatory activity of the extracts. The interaction between antibiotics and <jats:italic>Cinchona officinalis<\/jats:italic> leaf extract was carried out using the checkerboard broth microdilution method. Phenols and flavonoids were detected in all extracts, whereas other phytochemical classes were selectively distributed. <jats:italic>T. mollis<\/jats:italic> leaf extract demonstrated the highest phenolic content (151.59\u2009mg GAE\/g), while <jats:italic>L. multiflora<\/jats:italic> leaf (LML) extract showed the highest flavonoid content (24.51\u2009mg QE\/g). These extracts exhibited antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 128 to 2048\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. LML extract displayed the best antipseudomonal activity, with MIC of 128\u2009\u03bcg\/mL against ATCC 27853 and 256\u2009\u03bcg\/mL against some MDR isolates (PA1, PA2, and PA7). Moreover, <jats:italic>C. officinalis<\/jats:italic> leaf extract (MIC\/8), although weakly active, had improved by 2 to 64\u2010fold the activity of imipenem, streptomycin, kanamycin, and ceftriaxone against MDR <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>. It also showed synergy (\u03a3FIC \u2264 0.5) with streptomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and vancomycin against <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> PA3. The overall results indicate that the tested extracts, especially those from <jats:italic>L. multiflora<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. officinalis<\/jats:italic> leaves, necessitate further exploration for the development of natural drugs to treat infections caused by MDR <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/sci5\/3403280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T14:21:51Z","timestamp":1735050111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Phytochemical Composition, Antibacterial, and Antibiotic\u2010Resistance Modulatory Activity of Extracts of <i>Lippia multiflora<\/i> Moldenke<i>, Terminalia mollis<\/i> M. A. Lawson, and <i>Cinchona officinalis<\/i> L. 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