{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:33:57Z","timestamp":1772987637261,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":343,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scientifica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Alternative medicine is pursued as a preference to conventional medicine due to growing resistance to antimicrobial medications. The primary purpose of this study is to assess the antifungal activity and phytochemical content of\n                    <jats:italic>Aloe vera<\/jats:italic>\n                    growing in the Palestinian region, with a particular emphasis on the bioactive potentials of this plant against\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Extracts from whole leaves and gel were evaluated against\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    using MIC and broth microdilution methods. Findings revealed that the whole leaf extract demonstrated superior antifungal activity compared to the gel, with maximum efficiencies of 35.17% and 8.57%, respectively. Notably, the MIC50 values for whole leaf and gel extracts were approximately 75.42\u2009mg\/mL and 184.93\u2009mg\/mL, respectively. Phytochemical analysis exhibited considerable levels of bioactive proteins, sugars, and starch in whole leaf extracts, regardless of the extraction method, whereas gel extracts displayed lower quantities of these substances. The total phenol content was 1.278% in the entire leaf extract and 1.015% in the gel, while total flavonoid content was measured at 0.238% in the whole leaf extract compared to 0.1875% in the gel. The presence of phenols effective against\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    indicates its potential utility in alternative medicine for treating diseases caused by this fungus. Our study demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic>A. vera<\/jats:italic>\n                    grown in the Palestinian region has significant levels of bioactive content, highlighting the importance of investigating distinct parts of\n                    <jats:italic>A. vera<\/jats:italic>\n                    for their antifungal therapeutic attributes. While many of these plants have been studied globally, a localized inquiry is necessary due to their unique qualities and potential differences within the Palestinian context. Climate, soil, and ecological conditions can influence a plant\u2019s extract chemical composition and potency, leading to various therapeutic or pharmacological effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/sci5\/4496097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:21:50Z","timestamp":1765412510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity of\n                    <i>Aloe vera<\/i>\n                    Extract Against\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0659-9120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazem","family":"Sawalha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7838-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadeel","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7604-8798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahaf","family":"Shalabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2455-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reem","family":"Hamamreh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4184-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asma","family":"Kmail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7718-9636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Qoraan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/co.25.3884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djx145"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00196"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nem096"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-433x.121638"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00512"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-008-0632-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-955X.1000303"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2385-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408690490424694"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajb.v4i12.71436"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2018.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12142744"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(03)00801-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00199"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","first-page":"106","article-title":"Microbiology: An Introduction","author":"Tortora G. J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Benjamin Cummings"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020079"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2022.102237"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10050334"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2014.7350"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10062-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Effect of Palestinian Honey From Different Botanical Origins Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi\u201d (master\u2019s Thesis)","author":"Qalalweh H.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","first-page":"36","article-title":"Bacterial Contamination of Paper Banknotes in Circulation: A Case Study in the Jenin District, Palestine","volume":"1","author":"Sawalha H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ethnobotany of Palestinian herbal medicine in the northern West Bank and Gaza Strip: A review and a comprehensive field study","volume":"4","author":"Shtayeh M. S. A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biodiversity & Environmental Research Center (BERC), Til, Nablus, & Sustainable Development & Environmental Society (SDE)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","article-title":"Pharmacological Benefit of Natural Agents","author":"Radhakrishnan N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"IGI Global"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/549345"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.613155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760160294"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11080821"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29356\/jmcs.v65i4.1532"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23937\/2378-3672\/1410040"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","volume-title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases","author":"Engelkirk P.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471238961.0615180506091908.a01.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14368"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-10-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Phytochemical Analysis of Some Medicinal Plants","volume":"3","author":"Yadav R.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Phytology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.38212\/2224-6614.2748"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","volume-title":"Statistical Techniques in Business & Economics","author":"Lind D.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","volume-title":"Design and Analysis of Experiments","author":"Montgomery D.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10590501.2013.828552"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17392\/1098-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjhs-122029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-1-87"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2014.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2017.08"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/bioconf\/202515501023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules13081599"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8100444"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2022.06.466"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25163748"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5424\/sjar\/2018164-12480"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9020165"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2010.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2024.101536"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaomr.JIAOMR_167_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-013-0356-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570164616666190129151954"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_2","first-page":"523","volume-title":"Carbohydrates: Comprehensive Studies on Glycobiology and Glycotechnology","author":"De Castro W.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-025-13411-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polysaccharides6020036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/pp.2013.48086"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.7b04100"}],"container-title":["Scientifica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/sci5\/4496097","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/sci5\/4496097","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/sci5\/4496097","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:03:44Z","timestamp":1772967824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/sci5\/4496097"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Amir Sasan","family":"Mozaffari Nejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/sci5\/4496097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/sci5\/4496097","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-908X","2090-908X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-908X","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-908X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4496097"}}