{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T07:11:20Z","timestamp":1778829080605,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":133,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFD1800101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFD1800101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024M753566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024M753566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024M763617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024M763617"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005046","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JQ 2023C005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JQ 2023C005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The African swine fever virus (ASFV), particularly the genotypes I and II strains that have spread beyond Africa, continues to threaten global swine production and food security. Currently, African swine fever (ASF) control strategies rely heavily on biosecurity measures underpinned with molecular diagnostics. To address the need for genotyping, the present study developed a tetra\u2010primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS\u2010PCR) assay capable of discriminating genotypes I and II ASFVs, as well as their mixed infections. The assay utilizes a multiplex of four primers: two outer universal primers and two allele\u2010specific inner primers targeting a conserved single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, G1656A) of the\n                    <jats:italic>B646L<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, specific to genotypes I and II ASFVs. The tetra\u2010primer ARMS\u2010PCR assay demonstrated a detection limit of 100 copies per reaction, which is comparable to that of the WOAH\u2010recommended PCR method, and no cross\u2010reactivity was observed with eight other porcine viruses. Furthermore, clinical validation confirmed that the assay demonstrated a 97.22% coincidence rate (35\/36) with the standard WOAH\u2010recommended PCR method. In summary, the tetra\u2010primer ARMS\u2010PCR assay provides a practical, specific, and cost\u2010effective tool for ASF epidemiological surveillance, well\u2010suited for resource\u2010limited regions and those with cocirculation of genotypes I and II ASFVs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/2248071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T06:56:47Z","timestamp":1778828207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Establishment of a Tetra\u2010Primer ARMS\u2010PCR Assay to Discriminate Genotypes I and II African Swine Fever Viruses"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7672-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leilei","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3198-7176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5056-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9270-3101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sihan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0695-2171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weldu","family":"Tesfagaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4948-4227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenjiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9972-3863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feihu","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5197-1816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7515-0324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanmao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6456-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8190-0177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9242-4211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhigao","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1200-9368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4750-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Encheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7161-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v9050103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12700"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Virology Monographs. 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