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In Puerto Rico, outbreaks of leptospirosis in humans have been associated with hurricanes and subsequent flooding events. Rodent species in Puerto Rico and feral swine in the continental United States have been implicated as reservoir hosts for\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    species and serogroups, with the possibility of transmitting the pathogen to humans. In this cross\u2010sectional investigation, we collected samples from 670 animals, including 375 feral swine, 168 transitional swine, 120 dairy cattle, six beef cattle, and one small ruminant to assess\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. exposure and infection in specific regions of Puerto Rico. Of all animals sampled and tested, 55.82% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009374) had a positive result to at least one of the following leptospirosis tests performed: microscopic agglutination test (MAT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescent antibody test (FAT), and\/or culture. Of all animals from which serum samples were tested, 75.90% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009126) of transitional swine, 78.72% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200937) of dairy cattle, 100% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20094) of beef cattle, and 53.13% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009195) of feral swine had detectable\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies on MAT. Of all animals from which urine samples were collected and tested on either\n                    <jats:italic>lipL32<\/jats:italic>\n                    PCR or FAT, 0% of transitional swine, 22.86% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200924) of dairy cattle, 16.67% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091) of beef cattle, and 1.71% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092) of feral swine tested positive for\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    species on one or both of these tests.\n                    <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo was isolated from the urine of two dairy cows, and\n                    <jats:italic>L. santarosai<\/jats:italic>\n                    serogroup Pyrogenes was isolated from the urine of another dairy cow. The findings of this investigation provide valuable information on the circulating\n                    <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    species, serogroups, and serovars in domestic livestock and feral swine in specific regions of Puerto Rico and will further inform human and animal disease prevention, preparedness, and response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/2538118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:48:12Z","timestamp":1779882492000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Leptospira<\/i>\n                    Species Infection and Seropositivity in Domestic Livestock and Feral Swine in Puerto Rico"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6861-5667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Dirsmith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9478-1316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jarlath E.","family":"Nally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2545-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila","family":"Hamond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee L.","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"LeCount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tammy","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred V.","family":"Soltero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara\u00ed","family":"Rivera-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo E.","family":"Olivieri-Cintr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Gruver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5076-5915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vienna R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clayton","family":"Glassey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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