{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T07:25:08Z","timestamp":1787124308728,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":229,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00228644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00228644"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1A6A1A03033084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1A6A1A03033084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) continue to circulate widely in East Asia and undergo frequent reassortment in wild birds. Raptors are regarded as spillover hosts that may be exposed through predation or scavenging, yet integrated clinicopathologic and genomic investigations in cinereous vultures remain limited. Here, we describe a fatal H5N1 HPAIV infection in a cinereous vulture (\n                    <jats:italic>Aegypius monachus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) found in South Korea on January 17, 2026. On presentation, the cinereous vulture showed severe neurologic dysfunction, including inability to stand, right\u2010sided head tilt with pathologic nystagmus, reduced oculocephalic and palpebral reflexes, and intermittent bilateral leg tremors. The cinereous vulture died within 2 days after rescue, and a complete necropsy was performed. Hematologic and biochemical testing revealed marked heterophil predominance, severe lymphopenia, mild monocytosis, and globulin values near the upper end of the reference interval. An oropharyngeal swab tested positive for influenza A virus, and a virus isolate, designated A\/Cinereous_Vulture\/Korea\/26\u2010JBN47\/2026(H5N1), was recovered in embryonated chicken eggs. Histopathology showed nonsuppurative encephalitis and necrotizing myocarditis, and influenza A nucleoprotein was detected immunohistochemically in neurons and cardiomyocytes. Tissue real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR showed the lowest cycle threshold value in the brain. Whole\u2010genome sequencing demonstrated that 26\u2010JBN47 belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and contained a polybasic HA cleavage site (PLREKRRKR\/GLF). Segment\u2010level phylogenetic analysis revealed a reassortant genome constellation comprising a maintained H5N1 backbone in HA, NA, and M; low PAIV (LPAIV)\u2010associated but H5N1\u2010incorporated PA and NP segments; flyway\u2010associated PB2 and NS segments; and a PB1 segment phylogenetically linked to regional LPAIV lineages. Molecular marker analysis identified multiple substitutions previously reported to be associated with receptor\u2010binding properties, polymerase\u2010related fitness, virulence, and host\u2010response modulation, whereas canonical PB2 mammalian\u2010adaptive markers were absent. These findings show that 26\u2010JBN47 was a reassortant clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV associated with systemic disease and clinicopathological findings consistent with neurotropic and cardiotropic infection in a cinereous vulture. They also support the potential value of scavenging raptors as sentinels of local or regional HPAIV circulation involving reassortant viruses in East Asia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/2623621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T06:48:11Z","timestamp":1787122091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic and Clinicopathological Characterization of a Reassortant HPAI H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4b) in an Endangered Cinereous Vulture (\n                    <i>Aegypius monachus<\/i>\n                    ) in South Korea, 2026"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0186-9248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Gi","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4223-7623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seongwon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeyeong","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6733-9047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su-Beom","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6215-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae-Nam","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nchimunya","family":"Siamulonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1835-6329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serin","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0245-6330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geonwoo","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5808-6594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Soo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0465-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won-Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Ik","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0877-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Ik","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1598-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Ku","family":"Oem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13843"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2017.18.S1.269"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veae014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veae027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51490-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1872355"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00728-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2025.2498918"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13030490"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8339427"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14551"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061403"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3002.231274"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199541"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3006.240194"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/8053623"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/4141478","article-title":"Emergence of HPAI H5N6 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds: A Case Study From South Korea","volume":"2023","author":"Jeong C. 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