{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:23:24Z","timestamp":1790778204057,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) heavily affected gulls in Europe. In July, a mass mortality event was reported in the black\u2010legged kittiwake (\n                    <jats:italic>Rissa tridactyla<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) breeding colony at Ekker\u00f8y in Northern Norway. The cause was confirmed to be infection with the HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus, genotype EA\u20102022\u2010BB. We describe the outbreak in kittiwakes, including pathological and virological investigations, and discuss the management and zoonotic potential. With more than 15,000 dead birds reported, we estimate that the outbreak caused a reduction in the kittiwake population at Ekker\u00f8y of at least 50%. Diseased birds exhibited neurological signs. Necropsies of 10 birds revealed a peracute fatal systemic disease, with severe lesions in the brain and pancreas co\u2010localizing with viral RNA and antigen. Vascular expression of \u03b12,3\u2010linked sialic acids (SAs) and viral RNA\/antigen may reflect hematogenous viral spread. Further studies should investigate the long\u2010term impact of HPAI on kittiwake populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/2963364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T06:17:55Z","timestamp":1771481875000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Caused Mass Death Among Black\u2010Legged Kittiwakes (\n                    <i>Rissa tridactyla<\/i>\n                    ) in Norway, 2023"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4106-1613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grim","family":"R\u00f8mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1733-7403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline Piercey","family":"\u00c5kesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9579-2420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tone Kristin","family":"Reiertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5837-5006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna Hol","family":"Fosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6834-0460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cathrine Arnason","family":"B\u00f8e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0632-698X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Austb\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7887-6887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"\u00c5kerstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Saghafian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7038-2444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Helberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1532-0130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olav","family":"Hungnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6209-3024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britt","family":"Gjerset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3869-5760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silje","family":"Granstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f8rill","family":"Hogseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siri","family":"L\u00f8tvedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2566-9283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"D\u00f8sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2671-0089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ragnhild","family":"T\u00f8nnessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","article-title":"Avian Influenza Overview March\u2013April 2023","volume":"21","author":"EFSA (European Food Safety Authority)","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51490-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2220569"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veae027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","article-title":"Avian influenza overview April \u2013 June 2023","volume":"2023","author":"Adlhoch C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFSA Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030061"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","unstructured":"StokkeB. 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