{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T10:16:47Z","timestamp":1778062607064,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":125,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The development of vaccine platforms capable of inducing sustained, potent, and cost\u2010effective immunity remains a major challenge in veterinary vaccinology, particularly for coronaviruses, which are often associated with short\u2010lived vaccine\u2010induced protection. Here, we establish a self\u2010amplifying RNA (saRNA) lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine platform and evaluate its application using porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) as a representative coronavirus model. A single vaccination elicited robust specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Vaccinated piglets exhibited significantly higher specific IgG and neutralizing antibody titers of PEDV\u2010S (1:160) at 28 days postvaccination (dpv). Furthermore, elevated levels of serum IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u20104, along with enhanced CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, were observed. Vaccinated pregnant sows exhibited significantly higher PEDV neutralizing antibody titers (~1:224 or 256) in serum and colostrum samples. The saRNA\u2010LNP vaccine conferred both active immune protection against PED in immunized piglets and passive immunity in neonates via colostrum\u2010derived antibodies from vaccinated sows. Notably, the truncated spike protein antigen outperformed the full\u2010length spike protein in terms of immunogenicity, revealing the importance of careful testing in designing this PEDV saRNA vaccine. The saRNA\u2010LNP system represents a dose\u2010sparing, single\u2010dose vaccine platform with the potential to extend protective immunity, enhance maternal antibody responses, and reduce vaccination costs for PEDV and other veterinary coronaviruses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/3115893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T09:51:06Z","timestamp":1778061066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Self\u2010Amplifying RNA Lipid Nanoparticle (saRNA\u2010LNP) Vaccine Provides Effective Protection Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4464-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinqi","family":"Shu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6842-4618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4404-703X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0144-970X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6613-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4021-7982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keshu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4594-6869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinhe","family":"Zha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3547-013X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenqin","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1055-107X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianghui","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8784-216X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7540-6505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7473-6876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BhattacharyaT. 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