{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T06:44:57Z","timestamp":1783665897564,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":174,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    West Nile virus (WNV, family\n                    <jats:italic>Flaviviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is the most geographically widespread arbovirus affecting humans. It circulates between wild birds and mosquitoes, while humans and horses are dead\u2010end hosts. In recent years, several outbreaks have been reported from European countries, including the Balkan Peninsula. In the Republic of Kosovo, a southern Balkan country, data on WNV are scarce, and neither mosquito monitoring nor WNV surveillance is established. To address this gap, we aimed to assess a first monitoring approach that should set the basis and support future large\u2010scale activities in the country. Mosquito sampling was performed from May to September 2022 in a peri\u2010urban area in the western part of the capital city Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo. Collected mosquitoes were pooled, homogenized, and total nucleic acid was extracted. A WNV\u2010DENV\u2010ZIKV\u2010specific multiplex RT\u2010qPCR was applied, and WNV\u2010positive samples were confirmed by RT\u2010PCR and whole\u2010genome sequencing. Of 44 screened pools, one pool molecularly identified as\n                    <jats:italic>Culex pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    f.\n                    <jats:italic>pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    was positive for WNV RNA. Subsequent sequencing revealed WNV lineage 2, and phylogenetic analysis included our sample in a monophyletic clade consisting mostly of sequences from southeastern Europe. This finding represents the first detection of WNV in mosquitoes in Kosovo, and provides crucial baseline data for future vector\u2010borne disease monitoring, and control efforts in Kosovo.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/3208806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T10:50:26Z","timestamp":1750762226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["First Detection of West Nile Virus (WNV) Lineage 2 in Mosquitoes in the Republic of 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