{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:59:21Z","timestamp":1790607561906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":270,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) virus (EHDV) is a vector\u2010borne virus transmitted by\n                    <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    midges that infects domestic and wild ruminants. EHDV causes high mortality in white\u2010tailed deer (WTD) and oral lesions mimicking foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle. Small ruminants (e.g., domestic sheep, domestic goats) seroconvert but do not typically develop disease. In 2021, ~2100 WTD deaths were attributed to EHD in New York (NY) State. That same year, an EHD outbreak at a NY dairy resulted in a foreign animal disease (FAD) investigation to rule out FMD, and EHDV was detected in a captive bison herd in NY. In response to the EHD outbreak affecting wildlife, agricultural, and exhibition animals, serum samples from cattle, sheep, and goats submitted to the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Health Diagnostic Center (AHDC) were tested for EHDV antibodies. The samples tested in our surveillance study included samples collected during and after\n                    <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    vector activity (July\u2013January) over three seasons from 2022 to 2025. A total of 5698 samples comprising 4874 cattle and 824 small ruminants were tested using the agar gel immunodiffusion assay (AGID). Season 1 had 0.6% seroprevalence (10\/1719), season 2 had 0.7% seroprevalence (15\/2021), season 3 had 0.5% seroprevalence (9\/1958) with an overall seroprevalence of 0.6%. Neutralizing antibody (NA) titers were determined on all AGID positive samples for EHDV serotypes 1, 2, and 6. There were 20 samples positive for EHDV serotype 2 (NA titers from 1:40 to\u2009\u2265\u20091:1280); 11 samples positive for EHDV serotype 6 (NA titers from 1:10 to 1:640); and three animals with cross\u2010reaction amongst serotypes. Of the 34 positive samples, 31 were from cattle and 3 were from sheep. Nineteen samples were from counties with large numbers of WTD deaths attributed to EHDV in 2021 or counties with cases of EHDV in cattle. This data indicates that EHDV serotypes 2 and 6 subclinically infected a small number of domestic ruminants in NY from 2022 to 2025.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/5552390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:34:24Z","timestamp":1790606064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seroprevalence of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Cattle, Sheep, and Goats in New York State From 2022 Through 2025"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7784-6771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisha","family":"Frye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0515-3589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krysten","family":"Schuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5833-1940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Aprea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3237-8940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego G.","family":"Diel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11051339"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","unstructured":"Terrestrial Animal Health Code Technical Disease Card: Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Terrestrial Animal Health Code 2019 Accessed: Aug. 25 2025. [Online]. Available:https:\/\/www.woah.org\/app\/uploads\/2021\/03\/epizootic-heamorrhagic-disease.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470344880.ch3","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals","author":"Howerth E. W.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","unstructured":"SpicklerA. R. Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease 2019 [Online]. Available:http:\/\/www.cfsph.iastate.edu\/DiseaseInfo\/factsheets.php."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.111.2.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v16020175"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health Accessed: Jun. 02 2026. [Online]. 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