{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:06:28Z","timestamp":1788545188151,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012352","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The transport of live pigs poses a risk to on\u2010farm biosecurity. Trucks can carry pathogens with significant economic and health impacts, including antimicrobial\u2010resistant (AMR) bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the microbiological contamination of trucks before and after loading, focusing on AMR bacteria and other major pathogens transmissible through feces. Samples were collected by swabbing the internal surface of disinfected empty trucks at farm entry (\u201cclean\u201d) and after loading (\u201cdirty\u201d) and were tested for total plate count (TPC), specific bacteria, and viruses.\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were also phenotypically and molecularly tested for the presence of extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamase (ESBL), other \u03b2\u2010lactamases (AmpC), and carbapenemase. Bacterial counts (both TPC and Enterobacterales counts) and the probability of testing positive for\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , ESBL\/AmpC\u2010producing\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and Rotavirus A varied significantly depending on the truck condition, being significantly higher in \u201cdirty\u201d than in \u201cclean\u201d trucks. Despite a nonsignificant difference, positivity to Rotavirus B showed the same tendency. Conversely, the truck condition had no effect on Rotavirus C,\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and carbapenemase\u2010producing\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which were detected only in samples collected on \u201cdirty\u201d trucks. Although the positivity rate of most agents in \u201cclean\u201d samples was close to zero, the relatively frequent occurrence of\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and some rotaviruses highlights the importance of improving sanitization procedures. The detection of ESBL\/AmpC\u2010 and OXA\u201048\u2010like\u2010producing\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was of particular concern. These findings confirm the role of trucks in spreading pathogens of concern and AMR, highlighting the importance of effective monitoring and proper sanitization procedures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/5600771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T05:48:25Z","timestamp":1770788905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of Short Journey Transportation in the Spreading of Swine Pathogens and Antimicrobial\u2010Resistant Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5066-7036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Masserdotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1516-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Formenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Donneschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2206-6089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Guarneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4412-0587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Scali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5964-2847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Giacomini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1082-982X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Bertasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6252-9848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Beatrice","family":"Boniotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4693-6395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni Loris","family":"Alborali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9236-2049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Luzzago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600027500"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","unstructured":"WOAH-World Organisation for Animal Health Terrestrial Code Online Access https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what-we-do\/standards\/codes-and-manuals\/terrestrial-code-online-access\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2007.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-016-0028-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-017-0061-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119350927"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-020-00181-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","first-page":"128","article-title":"An Experimental Model to Evaluate the Role of Transport Vehicles as a Source of Transmission of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus to Susceptible Pigs","volume":"68","author":"Dee S. 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