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In this study, necropsy and histopathological examination of 18 deceased juvenile Siamese crocodiles from three farms in Hainan Province, China, revealed severe multiorgan lesions indicative of septicemia. Sixty\u2010five\n                    <jats:italic>Providencia<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were recovered and assigned to four species\u2010level clusters (\n                    <jats:italic>P. rettgeri<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P. stuartii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P. hangzhouensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>P. alcalifaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) via 16S rDNA and\n                    <jats:italic>fusA<\/jats:italic>\n                    phylogenetic analyses. Most isolates exhibited strong motility but weak biofilm\u2010forming ability. Crucially, all 65 isolates were multidrug\u2010resistant and carried diverse antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), with 74% harboring class 1 integrons. Virulence\u2010associated genes (VGs) were widespread. Zebrafish challenge assays confirmed that all five representative isolates were pathogenic, with\n                    <jats:italic>P. rettgeri<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains PL\u2010425 and PL\u2010688 exhibiting the highest virulence (100% mortality within 24\u201330\u2009h). Whole\u2010genome sequencing of PL\u2010425 identified multiple virulence loci related to motility, capsule, adhesion, and toxins. These findings identify multidrug\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:italic>P. rettgeri<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a dominant and highly virulent pathogen in farmed Siamese crocodiles, highlighting its emergence as a significant threat to the industry and underscoring the urgent need for integrated surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/5761973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T06:17:29Z","timestamp":1787811449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multidrug\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Providencia rettgeri<\/i>\n                    : An Emerging Pathogen in Farmed Siamese Crocodiles (\n                    <i>Crocodylus siamensis<\/i>\n                    ) in Hainan, China"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8884-5686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caike","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongtao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jifeng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1897-4432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuesong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3153\/jfscom.2013005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.21.2.1334"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1996.tb15456.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8667(2002)014<0149:PRASAM>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/MA16039"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1353603"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.4.534"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001485"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.12.5017-5024.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.5.1433-1435.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0376"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00731-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","first-page":"1505","article-title":"Analysis 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