{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:13:05Z","timestamp":1780391585141,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":152,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Toxoplasmosis, a globally prevalent zoonosis caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), poses major threats to both human and animal health, leading to reproductive losses in livestock and severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. Although enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and PCR are widely used for diagnosis and surveillance, they may be limited by turnaround time, laboratory instrumentation, and, in the case of serological assays, the need for species\u2010specific reagents. To enable rapid, equipment\u2010minimal detection applicable to multiple host species, we developed a point\u2010of\u2010care (POC) double\u2010antigen sandwich colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA) based on recombinant surface antigen 2 (rSAG2) of\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In this assay, rSAG2 served both as the capture antigen immobilized on the test line and as the colloidal gold\u2010conjugated detection probe. Key parameters, including conjugation pH, antigen loading, and buffer composition, were systematically optimized. The resulting strip showed a detection limit of a 1:40 serum dilution, and no cross\u2010reactivity was observed with sera positive for 23 common pathogens from different host species. Good repeatability and storage stability for 4 months at 4\u00b0C were also observed. For field evaluation, 409 clinical serum samples from six animal groups (100 chickens, 68 dogs, 30 cats, 81 pigs, 80 yaks, and 50 sheep) were tested, and seropositivity rates ranged from 2.9% to 31.3% across the sampled groups. In a subset of chicken (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200946) and dog (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200944) sera tested in parallel with the corresponding commercial ELISA kits, the rSAG2\u2010GICA showed good preliminary agreement, with overall agreement rates of 91.3% and 97.7%, respectively. Collectively, this rSAG2\u2010based GICA shows potential as a rapid and practical tool for on\u2010site serological screening of\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies across multiple host species and may support epidemiological surveillance in diverse animal populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/5879710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T08:31:52Z","timestamp":1780389112000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Field Validation of a Double\u2010Antigen Sandwich Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for Detection of\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    Antibodies in Multiple Host Species"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9710-3729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianglin","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7343-7815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingmin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8347-3097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruofeng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangrui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0102-0938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaokai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05013-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)11105-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2015.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1701.P11101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(02)00349-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0902-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/LMQIB0BPOJ96WGCU"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2016.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231781"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-022-01605-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1834-3","article-title":"Embedding New Technologies in Practice\u2013A Normalization Process Theory Study of Point of Care Testing","volume":"16","author":"Jones D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00476-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118200100868X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-018-00016-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.5.781-787.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","first-page":"88","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis\u2013An Overview","volume":"22","author":"Dubey J. 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