{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T07:22:23Z","timestamp":1783581743492,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":189,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD1800500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1800500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    African horse sickness (AHS) is a vector\u2010borne and noncontagious disease caused by African horse sickness virus (AHSV) that poses a severe threat to the global equine industry. As a country historically free from AHS, China faces elevated risks due to recent outbreaks in Southeast Asia in 2020 and its ecological suitability of its border regions for AHSV vectors. Therefore, we conducted consecutive molecular and serological surveillance for AHSV in high\u2010risk border regions from 2020 to 2024.\u2009A total of 3203 equine serum samples, 2909 whole\u2010blood samples, and 1037 collections of blood\u2010sucking insects were collected from 103 counties across five border provinces from June to October (peak\n                    <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    season). Samples were analyzed using World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)\u2010recommended RT\u2010qPCR (targeting VP7 gene) and blocking ELISA. Morphological identification confirmed that the collected vectors were primarily\n                    <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    midges, with some mosquitoes. No AHSV nucleic acid or specific antibodies were detected, which is consistent with China\u2019s AHS\u2010free status. Combined with predictive models and regional risk factors, the likelihood of AHSV occurrence in southern China is \u201clikely.\u201d The study highlights the urgent need for continuous surveillance and risk assessment to safeguard China\u2019s equine industry. Further regional and ecological studies on vectors and animal transportation are also essential for understanding and mitigating the risks associated with AHSV introduction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/6061208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T07:05:51Z","timestamp":1783580751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surveillance on African Horse Sickness Virus in China\u2019s Southern Border Regions"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8470-4057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0293-3461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shujuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3607-5421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiangang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijie","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonggang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bangquan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanyun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amuti","family":"Nuermaimaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronggui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6753-1709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0994-6842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2241-8507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyue","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13430"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","unstructured":"AllisonK. TaylorN. andWilsmoreT. African Horse Sickness: Impact on the UK Horse Industry 2009 University of Reading."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124281"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-9571(94)90046-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90009-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-031616-035010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.2000.00245.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2009.00829.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(02)00231-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090844"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","first-page":"329","article-title":"The 1960 Epizootic of African Horsesickness in the Middle East and S. W. Asia","volume":"31","author":"Howell P. G.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Journal of the South African Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(92)90041-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899002897"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","first-page":"199","article-title":"African Horse Sickness: Transmission and Epidemiology","volume":"24","author":"Mellor P. S.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13701"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2708.210004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","unstructured":"African Horse Sickness in Malaysia African Horse Sickness in Malaysia; Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","unstructured":"OIE World Animal Health Information System https:\/\/www.oie.int\/wahis_2\/public\/wahid.php\/Reviewreport\/Review\/viewsummary?fupser=&dothis=&reportid=33768 Accessed 28 November 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","unstructured":"VetReport Renowned Thai Veterinarian Calls for Help in Tacking First African Horse Sickness Outbreak 2020 https:\/\/www.vetreport.net\/2020\/05\/renowned-thai-veterinarian-calls-for-help-in-tackling-first-african-horse-sickness-outbreak."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04518-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","volume-title":"Terrestrial Animal Health Code","author":"World Organisation for Animal Health","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1360\/csb2012-57-23-2192"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","volume-title":"China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Yearbook","author":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/5538034"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","first-page":"505","article-title":"The Species and Its Distribution of Major Culicoides Vector of Animal Arboviruses in China","volume":"22","author":"Li S. S.","journal-title":"China Tropical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5586647"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07512-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3897\/zookeys.706.13535"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Studies on Bluetongue Disease in the People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"40","author":"Zhang N.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Veterinaria Italiana"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2012.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GaoH. BieJ. andWangH. et al.Modelling High-Risk Areas for African Horse Sickness Occurrence in Mainland China Along Southeast Asia Authorea Preprints 2020 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22541\/au.160570106.63915759\/v1.","DOI":"10.22541\/au.160570106.63915759\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.1.2347"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870802000310"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0093758"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387261417355"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12968"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(03)00217-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","unstructured":"World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH formerly OIE) Standard Operating Procedure for OIE Registration of Diagnostic kits 2021 World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH\/OIE) https:\/\/www.woah.org\/app\/uploads\/2021\/06\/a-sop-may-2021.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.35.3.2568"}],"container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/tbed\/6061208","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/tbed\/6061208","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/tbed\/6061208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T07:05:54Z","timestamp":1783580754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/tbed\/6061208"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Nan-hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/tbed\/6061208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/tbed\/6061208","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1674","1865-1682"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1674","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1682","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6061208"}}