{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:29:47Z","timestamp":1791570587830,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":241,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotype 4 (FAdV\u20104) is a significant pathogen causing hepatitis\u2013hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) in poultry, which can cause severe economic losses to the global poultry industry. Molecular epidemiological investigation of FAdV\u20104 has not been conducted in Fujian province, southeast China. In this study, we collected 219 samples of liver exhibiting similar pathological features of hepatitis or hydropericardium syndrome (HPS)\u2010like clinicopathology changes from Fujian province during 2023\u20132025, which were analyzed using PCR assays. Further isolation of the virus was performed, and complete genomic sequences of the isolates were obtained through next\u2010generation sequencing technology. Genetic evolution analysis of the gene sequences was conducted to elucidate the prevalence, molecular characteristics, and genetic variations of FAdV\u20104 in Fujian province. The results indicated that among the 219 clinical samples, 65 tested positive, yielding a positive rate of 29.68% (65\/219). Positive samples from broilers were predominantly detected in the 21\u2013120 days old, while those from layers were primarily concentrated in the 200\u2013500 days old. The positive rate of Muscovy ducks infected with FAdV\u20104 was 4.57%. Ultimately, seven strains of FAdV\u20104 were isolated and designated as FJ08, FJ09, FJ20, FJ23, FJ33, FJ35, and FJ45. The preliminary challenge assay showed that all seven isolates were highly virulent in 7 days old SPF chickens, resulting in the death of all chickens within 2\u20133 days, leading to a mortality rate of 100%. Comparative analysis of whole genome sequences revealed that the isolated FAdV\u20104 strains from Fujian province clustered within the major genetic lineage as the domestic FAdV\u20104 reference strains (e.g., JSJ13, HLJFAd15, and HB1510 strains) and exhibited the highest identity with the FAdV\u20104 BNC strain derived from black\u2010necked cranes in Yunnan province. Notably, the Hexon genes of seven isolated strains were divided into two major lineages based on phylogenetic analysis. The FJ08, FJ09, and FJ23 strains clustered in the major lineage as representative strains of FAdV\u20104 from both domestic and international sources, whereas FJ20, FJ33, FJ35, and FJ45 strains formed an independent genetic lineage with the FAdV\u201010 AHFY19 strain. The prevalence analysis revealed that FAdV\u20104 has been circulating among commercial chickens, indigenous chicken breeds, and Muscovy ducks in Fujian province, southeast China, indicating that the FAdV\u20104 strains in Fujian province possess the potential for cross\u2013host transmission. Moreover, the age of the infected hosts (layers) has extended to 500 days, and their genomic characteristics exhibit genetic diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/6535858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:13:46Z","timestamp":1788153226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of FAdV\u20104 Isolated in Fujian Province, Southeast China During 2023\u20132025"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Youlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingping","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuiteng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9579-9691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanghua","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2011-5609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunhe","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3654-8898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7148-4311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunhua","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136434"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-016-0350-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13730"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103831"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02296"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-013-0183-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-012-1570-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/9353432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2022.105277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2026.106696"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12500"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12691"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2013.791384"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2016.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00058-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071605","article-title":"Detection and Molecular Characterization of Adenoviruses in Captive and Free-Roaming African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus Sabaeus): Evidence for Possible Recombination and Cross-Species Transmission","volume":"15","author":"Mancuso D. 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