{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:51:11Z","timestamp":1791352271491,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":278,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Dirofilaria repens<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a zoonotic parasite expanding across Europe due to climate change. We hypothesised that in this process, the Carpathian Basin has a facilitating effect. Using 426 georeferenced European cases, the probability of infection occurrence was determined in relation to climatic factors, surface water availability, regional social deprivation, and stray dog population density. To analyse the potential impacts of ecological and social factors (deprivation and stray dog population density), the MaxEnt algorithm, and spatial Empirical Bayes smoothing and bivariate local indicators of spatial association (BiLISA) index calculation were employed, respectively. MaxEnt analysis revealed that the mean warmest month temperature (MWMT; 22.8\u201325.1\u00b0C), winter mean minimum temperature (&gt;\u22122.1\u00b0C), and summer precipitation (28.6\u2013231\u2009mm) have the strongest impact on the probability of the parasite\u2019s occurrence in Europe. Social factors have significance in the eastern Balkans and the Carpathian Basin, but not in Western Europe. The Carpathian Basin appears to be a hotspot, similar to Mediterranean coastal areas. Furthermore, the Danube Valley acts as an ecological corridor for subtropical vector\u2010borne parasites. Our findings confirm that summer warmth is the primary ecological driver of the parasite\u2019s range expansion, which is facilitated by the Carpathian Basin due to climatic and socioeconomic conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/7095034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:29:17Z","timestamp":1791350957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Climate Change and Socioeconomic Vulnerability: The Carpathian Basin as a Potential Hotspot in the Dissemination of\n                    <i>Dirofilaria repens<\/i>\n                    in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4307-0434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1gnes","family":"Csivincsik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology and Health Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences  G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151 Hungary  uni-mate.hu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3486-3739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eszter","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Wildlife Biology and Management University of Sopron  Sopron Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabella","family":"Z\u00e1m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Wildlife Biology and Management University of Sopron  Sopron Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6459-6945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Tari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Wildlife Biology and Management University of Sopron  Sopron Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istv\u00e1n","family":"Kucsera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Medical Parasitology National Centre for Public Health and Pharmacy  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4924-6322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology and Health Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences  G\u00f6d\u00f6ll\u0151 Hungary  uni-mate.hu"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5947-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Sr\u00e9ter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Medical Parasitology National Centre for Public Health and Pharmacy  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-025-01328-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3205-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00012-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-017-1233-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-020-00170-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1511.090936"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12010003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2026.1812406"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-013-0187-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3802-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52004\/JEMCA2021.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06527-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3376\/1081-1710(2006)31[123:DROTFM]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4039\/Ent11357-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.01.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2987\/8756-971X-28.4s.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12309"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","volume-title":"Mosquitoes Monographs","author":"Vinogradova E. B.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06208-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3278-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05204-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05974-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010245"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1804-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24018\/ejgeo.2022.3.2.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cli11060118"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10963-018-9115-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.05.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-020-01647-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-022-01831-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"The Role of the Balkan Peninsula in the Origin and Genesis of the Soil Fauna of the Carpathian Basin: History, Aims and Results","volume":"44","author":"Mahunka S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Opuscula Zoologica"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.104863"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2023.102387"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2026.100353"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15230430.2020.1845919"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos13111751"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15201\/hungeobull.71.4.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrh.2019.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1474746424000149"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09668136.2021.1990861"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_2","first-page":"379","volume-title":"Brave New Hungary: Mapping the \u201cSystem of National Cooperation\u201d","author":"Kov\u00e1cs J. M.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09637494.2024.2399452"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485316001097"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.519059"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1244084"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2006.01584.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_2","first-page":"142","article-title":"A Dirofilariosis k\u00f6zeg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi \u00e9s \u00e1llateg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi Jelent\u0151s\u00e9ge Magyarorsz\u00e1gon: Leg\u00fajabb Ismeretek a Dirofilariosisr\u00f3l (the Public Health and Veterinary Importance of Dirofilariasis in Hungary: Latest Knowledge on Dirofilariasis)","volume":"21","author":"Kucsera I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mikrobiol\u00f3giai K\u00f6rlev\u00e9l"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2020.1798968"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2021.109671"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2013.00205.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HijmansR. J. BrownA. BarbosaA. M.\u00e1rcia CordanoE. andDybaK. CRAN: Contributed Packages 2020 R package version 1.9-34https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.terra.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.terra"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13628"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6281"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"UrbanekS. rJava: Low-Level R to Java Interface 2005 R Package version 1.0-18https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/CRAN.package.rJava.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.rJava"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_2","volume-title":"Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach","author":"Burnham K. P.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3287615"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.12227"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2013.07872.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2023.110604"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2006.01214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.1878"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3800(02)00205-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2006.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2019.108926"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0016-7363.2005.00671.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_2","volume-title":"Exploring Spatial Data With GeoDaTM: A Workbook (Urbana: Spatial Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography","author":"Anselin L.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14172529"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1316145111"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.17610"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.70019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12040279"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-024-06186-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-011-0073-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14404"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/31.4.618"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2022.103448"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2024.107474"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138082"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12110993"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2017.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10258-026-00285-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15547\/bjvm.2022-0035"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144830"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/25889567-12340014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04867-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04891-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fanim.2022.960379"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22004\/ag.econ.206858"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2016.06.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su16062400"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/a41376"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870.2020.1863442"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03063968231203488"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-018-0477-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06478-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06901-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-025-06882-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2016.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.s749"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41295-026-00460-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2015002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12597"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04696-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-021-00506-0"}],"container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/tbed\/7095034","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/tbed\/7095034","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/tbed\/7095034","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:29:20Z","timestamp":1791350960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/tbed\/7095034"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fedor","family":"Korennoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/tbed\/7095034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/tbed\/7095034","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1674","1865-1682"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1674","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1682","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"7095034"}}