{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:41:54Z","timestamp":1773009714065,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":331,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32273038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32273038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal hemorrhagic viral disease of pigs with devastating global socioeconomic impacts. Due to the absence of a safe and effective vaccine, early surveillance and precise diagnostics are critical for ASF prevention and control. The ASF virus (ASFV) p30 protein, one of the most immunogenic early\u2010expressed antigens during infection, is a prime target for diagnostic assays and subunit vaccines. Its comprehensive antigenic characterization remains crucial for rational vaccine design. In this study, we generated a panel of 20 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the ASFV p30 protein, classifying them into 11 groups based on epitope specificity. MAbs from six groups (subgroups I\u20101, I\u20102, and II\u20101, as well as groups III, IV, and V, collectively comprising 15 MAbs) recognized six distinct epitopes within the C\u2010terminus of p30 (137\u2013194 aa), while MAb 16\u20105E7E8 (subgroup II\u20102) recognized a distinct epitope within residues 154\u2013190. The p30 C\u2010terminus (137\u2013194 aa) demonstrated structural stability under denaturing conditions (SDS\u2013PAGE and western blot [WB]) and was identified as an immunodominant region through its reactivity with ASFV\u2010positive sera. Notably, MAbs targeting this immunodominant region exhibited modest neutralizing activity, whereas those binding to other regions showed no neutralizing activity. Furthermore, MAb Q4\u20101F10B7 (group VI) recognized a linear epitope \u201c\n                    <jats:sup>116<\/jats:sup>\n                    TSSFETLFEQ\n                    <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>\n                    ,\u201d MAbs Q1\u20101G4B2 (group VIII) and Q8\u20104F9F3 (group IX) recognized conformation\u2010dependent epitopes, and MAb 5\u20101C8B6 (group VII) likely recognized an aberrant or non\u2010native form of the p30 protein. These results expand the epitope landscape of p30 protein and lay a foundation for ASF diagnosis and vaccine research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/8023572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T23:36:31Z","timestamp":1764372991000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Discovery of a Structurally Stable Immunodominant Region in ASFV p30 C\u2010Terminus Using a Panel of Monoclonal Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3991-9319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3540-7882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shandian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaoyan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinshu","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0539-497X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huichen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2611-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjun","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiyun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01293-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.AC119.011196"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aivir.2017.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2108342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11040310"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7020056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.844209"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13533"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1011891"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1999779"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-021-1904-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90718-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.971888"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01943-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.8.5689-5694.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-025-01857-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v16050758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2011.454"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-4071-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-020-04915-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-022-11784-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2024.199328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.143283"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","first-page":"26.14.21","article-title":"Methods for Growing and Titrating African Swine Fever Virus: Field and Laboratory Samples","volume":"26","author":"Carrascosa A. 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