{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T08:06:01Z","timestamp":1784102761852,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":195,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFD1800101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD1800101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Bluetongue (BT) virus (BTV) is an arthropod\u2010borne pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in ruminants globally. Yunnan Province, located in China\u2019s tropical and subtropical border region, faces a high risk of BTV circulation. This study monitored BTV vectors, genetically characterized circulating BTV strains, and assessed seroprevalence to inform early warning efforts. In 2025, 46,000\n                    <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    midges were collected from three counties, identified, and grouped into 460 pools. Additionally, 5934 cattle serum samples from 17 border counties were tested using C\u2010ELISA. Midge pools were screened by RT\u2010qPCR for BTV nucleic acids and then inoculated into C6\/ 36 cells for virus isolation. Whole\u2010genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of VP2 and VP5 genes were performed on the isolates.\n                    <jats:italic>C. oxystoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. trithecoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    were the dominant midge species at all sites. RT\u2010qPCR identified 11 BTV\u2010positive midge pools, primarily involving\n                    <jats:italic>C. oxystoma<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C. imicola<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C. tainanus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>C. jacobsoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Four BTV isolates were identified as serotypes 1, 4, 5, and 16. Phylogenetic analysis of VP2 and VP5 showed all four strains likely belong to the Eastern topotype and are closely related to historical BTVs from China, Japan, India, and Australia. The overall BTV seroprevalence in cattle was 41.37% (95% confidence interval [CI], 40.12%\u221242.62%), with significantly higher rates in autumn (58.07%, 95% CI, 56.29%\u221259.85%) than in spring (24.87%, 95% CI, 23.32%\u221226.42%). Several BTV serotypes have been detected and isolated from diverse\n                    <jats:italic>Culicoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the border regions of Yunnan. Additionally, BTV seroprevalence has been observed in local cattle populations, indicating that this area may represent a significant BTV endemic hotspot. These findings underscore the need for ongoing vector surveillance and early warning systems to prevent BT outbreaks in susceptible livestock.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/8145184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T07:20:55Z","timestamp":1784100055000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bluetongue Virus Surveillance in Yunnan, China, 2025: Isolation of Multiple Serotypes From\n                    <i>Culicoides<\/i>\n                    and Seasonal Seroepidemiology in Cattle"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5192-1393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenxing","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2045-2365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuwen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2325-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongkang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4417-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9837-389X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinxin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5244-8399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2574-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4547-1431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haisheng","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2961-5119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianling","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2011.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12834\/VetIt.646.3183.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","first-page":"78","article-title":"Epidemiological Observations on Bluetongue in Sheep and Cattle in Japan","volume":"40","author":"Goto Y.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Veterinaria Italiana"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2008.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82456-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13010042"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050721"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13927"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-9571(94)90044-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2012.01364.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3008.231331"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2024.110365"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00403-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12479"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14555"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13292"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, American Entomological Institute","author":"Wirth W. 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