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While current FCV preventive measures rely primarily on traditional vaccines, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as a promising alternative, offering high efficacy, safety, rapid clinical development, and potential for fast, cost\u2010efficient production. In this study, we designed a modified nucleotide sequence with a 124\u2010amino acid deletion at a position in the region of the FCV\u2010VP1 protein as an immunogen. The plasmid encoding the codon\u2010optimized VP1 sequence was constructed, and VP1\u2010mRNA was generated by in vitro transcription (IVT) and capping. After transfection into BHK\u201021 cells, immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and WB confirmed successful FCV\u2010VP1 expression. Subsequently, the mRNA was encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to prepare the LNP\u2010VP1\u2010mRNA vaccine. Characterization analysis revealed a uniform particle size distribution (polydispersity index [PDI]\u2009=\u20090.169) and a stable surface charge (zeta potential\u2009=\u2009\u22121.67\u2009mV). A prime\u2010boost immunization strategy was employed, which involved two intramuscular injections to immunize BALB\/c mice or cats with the LNP\u2010VP1\u2010mRNA vaccine. ELISA analysis demonstrated that the vaccine elicited elevated levels of anti\u2010FCV IgG and neutralizing antibodies in a dose\u2010dependent manner, accompanied by the secretion of cytokines including IFN\u2010\u03b2, IFN\u2010\u03b3, IL\u20104, and IL\u20106. Importantly, the VP1 mRNA vaccine provided complete protection against FCV challenge in cats, without the typical clinical signs and with a 100% survival rate. Our results indicate that the LNP\u2010VP1\u2010mRNA vaccine is a promising candidate for combating FCV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/9499266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T05:11:25Z","timestamp":1770441085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Engineered VP1 mRNA Vaccine Induces Immunity and Complete Protection Against Feline Calicivirus in Cats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Meng-Di","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuo-Fang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin-Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8194-2582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian-Yu","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Tao","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Qing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fu-Shan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-5705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian-Bin","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9755-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao-Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3266-8019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Le","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","first-page":"225","article-title":"An Update on Feline Calicivirus","volume":"164","author":"Spiri A. 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