{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:41:06Z","timestamp":1786117266200,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":217,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005621","name":"Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FF(KU) 56.69"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FF(KU) 56.69"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) is a viral pathogen previously associated with mortality in snakehead fish (\n                    <jats:italic>Channa<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.) and other closely related species. In this study, we report the detection of SHRV\u2010like virus in giant snakehead (\n                    <jats:italic>C. micropeltes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) from multiple fish farms in Thailand, where acute disease outbreaks resulted in cumulative mortalities ranging from 7% to 90%. The affected fish showed clinical signs, including swimming near the water surface, anorexia, and skin discoloration. Histopathological examination revealed numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (ICIBs) in the spleen, anterior kidney, and posterior kidney. The virus was successfully isolated in E\u201011 cells, where it induced marked cytopathic effects (CPEs), including cell rounding, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and progressive monolayer destruction within 1\u20132 days post\u2010inoculation (dpi). Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of enveloped, bullet\u2010shaped viral particles characteristic of the family\n                    <jats:italic>Rhabdoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Experimental challenge of na\u00efve giant snakehead with the isolated virus reproduced the clinical signs observed in the field, resulted in 70% cumulative mortality within 4 days, and led to successful re\u2010isolation of the virus from experimentally infected fish, which supports the pathogenic role of the virus in giant snakehead. Reverse\u2010transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR) and sequence analysis demonstrated that the virus shared 79.70%\u201385.37% nucleotide identity with previously reported SHRV strains and placed the virus within the genus\n                    <jats:italic>Novirhabdovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , forming a cluster with SHRV and Carpione rhabdovirus (CAPRV). These findings provide evidence for the presence of a SHRV\u2010like\n                    <jats:italic>Novirhabdovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    associated with disease outbreaks in farmed giant snakehead in Thailand and highlight the need for further investigation into its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics to support the development of effective disease prevention and control strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/9677946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T13:38:46Z","timestamp":1786023526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["First Report of Snakehead Rhabdovirus\u2010Like\n                    <i>Novirhabdovirus<\/i>\n                    Associated With Acute Mortality in Multiple Outbreaks in Farmed Giant Snakehead (\n                    <i>Channa micropeltes<\/i>\n                    ) in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5735-9482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jidapa","family":"Yamkasem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5559-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natthakul","family":"Youngnoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7181-7630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piyathip","family":"Setthawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0154-6624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theeraporn","family":"Pulpipat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5707-3476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Win","family":"Surachetpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1075-8144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuchakorn","family":"Lertwanakarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.15506"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301203"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","first-page":"523","article-title":"Gnathostoma Infection in Fish Caught for Local Consumption in Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand I. 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