{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:28:35Z","timestamp":1787646515267,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":236,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 115-2321-B-002-027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 115-2321-B-002-027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114-2123-M-001-008-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114-2123-M-001-008-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113-2311-B-001-01-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2311-B-001-01-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Enterotoxigenic\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ETEC) is a leading cause of diarrhea in piglets, imposing significant economic burdens on swine production worldwide. Despite its impact, detailed characterization of intestinal colonization and comprehensive genomic profiling of virulent neonatal porcine ETEC strains remain limited. In this study, we isolated a \u03b2\u2010hemolytic ETEC strain, PT4357, from a diarrheic neonatal piglet and conducted whole\u2010genome sequencing (WGS) coupled with experimental infection in neonatal piglets to define its pathogenicity. The PT4357 belonged to serotype O8:H7 and sequence type ST2521 and harbored multiple virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, including the plasmid\u2010borne colistin resistance gene\n                    <jats:italic>mcr-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Interestingly, a novel chaperone\u2010usher (CU) assembly pathway pilus has a homolog of the \u03b1 family usher gene that was identified in the chromosome of PT4357. Compared with the CS1 pilus on ETEC, structural superposition of the CU pathway pilus of PT4357, namely, CS33, showed strong conservation in the major subunit and chaperone and was relatively divergent in the N\u2010terminal of usher and minor subunits while retaining essential core folds. Oral inoculation confirmed villi attachment of the ETEC PT4357, causing watery diarrhea in neonatal piglets without mucosal damage. Furthermore, the adherence of the ETEC PT4357 on porcine IPEC cells but not human Caco\u20102 cells suggests limited human tropism. Our results indicate that Taiwan porcine ETECs carried AMR genes and alternative CU pathway pilus. The role of the CS33 pilus on the pathogenicity or virulence of the pathogen requires further investigation and surveillance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/9901219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:03:51Z","timestamp":1787645031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization and Evaluation of the Pathogenicity of a Novel Alpha Family Chaperone\u2010Usher Pilus Present on Porcine Enterotoxigenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8381-110X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Fang","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4971-4237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-Chen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ting","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7231-0185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shang-Te Danny","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1911-7535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao-Nan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9196-9607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzu-Ming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6940-6389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1669-4524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dung-Chi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5041-9705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao-Sen","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8877-1886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui-Wen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","first-page":"723","volume-title":"Diseases of Swine","author":"Fairbrother J. M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-017-0063-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/AHR2005105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.02.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-019-0352-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00893-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-009-9345-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.2.598-602.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaf474"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00014-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae263"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae268"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07487-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0255-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25522-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku316"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10070346"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06094-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","article-title":"PathogenFinder","volume":"8","author":"Cosentino S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2055943"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.25.2.1682"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00022-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2005.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.esp-0006-2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-36560-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052835"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-022-01110-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2012.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118983"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_2","article-title":"Molecular Evidence for Intra- and Inter-Farm Spread of Mcr-1","volume":"1967","author":"Hsueh S. C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12101559"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.4.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsre.2004.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12830"}],"container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/tbed\/9901219","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/tbed\/9901219","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/tbed\/9901219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:03:53Z","timestamp":1787645033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/tbed\/9901219"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Anusak","family":"Kerdsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/tbed\/9901219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/tbed\/9901219","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1674","1865-1682"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1674","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1682","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9901219"}}