{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:50:01Z","timestamp":1787017801663,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":270,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021J01485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021J01485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32302868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302868"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Waterfowl parvoviruses (WPVs), including classical goose parvovirus (cGPV), Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), Muscovy duck\u2010origin goose parvovirus (MDGPV), and short beak and dwarfism syndrome virus (SBDSV), are significant pathogens that affect waterfowl flocks worldwide. Due to their high genetic similarity and frequent coinfections, rapid and accurate differentiation of these viruses remains challenging. In this study, we developed a multiplex TaqMan\u2010minor groove binder (MGB) real\u2010time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of cGPV, MDPV, MDGPV, and SBDSV. Specific primers and TaqMan\u2010MGB probes were designed based on sequence alignments of the VP gene. This assay exhibited high specificity, with no cross\u2010reactivity to other main waterfowl viruses. The detection limits of this assay were 10\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    copies\/\u03bcL for cGPV, 10\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    copies\/\u03bcL for MDPV, 10\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    copies\/\u03bcL for MDGPV, and 10\u00b3 copies\/\u03bcL for SBDSV, respectively. The standard curves exhibited strong linearity (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u22650.995) and high amplification efficiency (89%\u2013108%), with intra\u2010 and interassay coefficients of variation below 2.0%, indicating high repeatability and stability. Clinical testing of 337 clinical samples suspected of WPV infection demonstrated that the developed assay outperformed conventional PCR, achieving higher overall detection rates (58% vs 54%) and enhanced identification of coinfections. Epidemiological analysis revealed MDGPV as the predominant circulating strain in Muscovy ducks, with 27 samples identified as coinfected with both MDGPV and MDPV, while SBDSV showed higher prevalence in mule ducks and Pekin ducks. Notably, MDGPV was detected for the first time in goslings. These findings provide clear evidence of ongoing host restriction and potential cross\u2010species transmission of WPVs among duck flocks. In conclusion, the multiplex TaqMan\u2010MGB quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay developed in this study provides a rapid, sensitive, and reliable tool for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of cGPV, MDPV, MDGPV, and SBDSV. Its application is expected to enhance disease surveillance, facilitate outbreak control, and contribute to more effective control of waterfowl parvoviral diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/9999490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T06:36:52Z","timestamp":1759127812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Multiplex TaqMan\u2010MGB qPCR Assay for Rapid and Accurate Identification of Four Waterfowl Parvoviruses (cGPV, MDPV, MDGPV, and SBDSV)"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8566-6191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9634-2062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dandan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1998-2852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shifeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9432-2961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2954-0280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5978-0330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4027-110X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuqin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1491-5143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meiqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9781-9586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaoying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6533-8905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shilong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00421"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/jvetres-2021-0063"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113211"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12751"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.1345"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-021-05086-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.63.1165"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.12-0527"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","first-page":"355","article-title":"Isolation 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