{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:55:52Z","timestamp":1775782552294,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":78,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Translational Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Students engage in one or more lifestyle\u2010related risk behaviours that may predispose them to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Whilst student athletes (St\u2010A) are often perceived as having healthier lifestyles compared to nonathlete students (NAS), it is unclear whether they exhibit better risk profiles. This study compares the prevalence and clustering of these lifestyle\u2010related risk behaviours among NAS and St\u2010A at a South African university.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This cross\u2010sectional study assessed the prevalence of alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake and physical inactivity using a screening questionnaire. Differences between gender and athletic status were analysed using chi\u2010square tests. Cluster analysis was employed to identify patterns of co\u2010occurring risk behaviours within the combined cohort.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    One hundred and forty\u2010five St\u2010A (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200991 male,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200954 female) and 143 NAS (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200990 male,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200953 female) were included. Similar alcohol use patterns were observed between St\u2010A and NAS (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.737), but females consumed less alcohol than men (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.025). Smoking was less prevalent among St\u2010A (18.6% vs. 32.2% NAS,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.020). Less than 10% of participants met fruit and vegetable intake recommendations, with females consuming more than males (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.002). St\u2010A met the moderate activity guidelines more often (73.0% vs. 44.3%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) and the vigorous physical activity guidelines more often (71.5% vs. 37.1%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) than NAS. The cluster analysis identified a higher risk group (34.6%\u2009St\u2010A) with multiple risk behaviours, and a healthier group (all meeting vigorous activity goals and none smoking).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Both St\u2010A and NAS engage in lifestyle\u2010related risk behaviours. Further investigation into the interconnections of these behaviours and the implementation of university\u2010based interventions is warranted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tsm2\/1994649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T03:11:16Z","timestamp":1742699476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How Healthy Are Our Students Really? Lifestyle\u2010Related Health Risk Behaviour Patterns in Student Athletes and Nonathlete Students"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6203-405X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"Florence","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Janse van Vuren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8879-177X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne","family":"Derman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5319-3825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jake","family":"Popperwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5968-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liske","family":"Kotz\u00e9-H\u00f6rstmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-47143-3_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16405"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.574111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdad106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2013.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12973"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15763\/issn.2376-5267.2016.1.1.38-60"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.923667"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","volume-title":"Perceived Stress Levels and Health Promoting Behaviors Among NAIA and NCAA Division I Student Athletes","author":"Divin A. 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