{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T09:45:36Z","timestamp":1776764736360,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":110,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K10404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K10404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25K20965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K20965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Translational Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Hamstring strain injuries frequently occur during high\u2010speed running, when muscle tension is markedly increased. Given the viscoelastic properties of muscle, stress during elongation is expected to be velocity\u2010dependent. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of elongation velocity on the stress in individual hamstring muscles. Seven Thiel\u2010embalmed cadaveric lower limbs were used to isolate the biceps femoris long head, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus muscles. Specimens were fixed to a testing apparatus and passively elongated to 10% strain at five elongation velocities (20\u2013300\u2009mm\/min), while tensile load and displacement were recorded. Muscle cross\u2010sectional area was measured using ultrasound to calculate stress. A two\u2010way repeated\u2010measures analysis of variance examined the effects of muscle and velocity on stress at 10% strain. The results revealed no significant interaction between muscle and velocity (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05); however, both velocity and muscle had significant main effects on stress (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Post hoc analysis indicated that stress increased significantly with velocity (20\u2009mm\/min: 44.6\u2009kPa, 50\u2009mm\/min: 47.4\u2009kPa, 100\u2009mm\/min: 50.8\u2009kPa, 200\u2009mm\/min: 56.4\u2009kPa, 300\u2009mm\/min: 61.1\u2009kPa). These findings suggest that stress in the hamstring muscles increases with elongation velocity, which may contribute to the risk of strain injuries during high\u2010speed running. However, the results should be interpreted in the context of cadaveric testing and elongation velocities that are substantially lower than those observed in vivo.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tsm2\/4876843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T08:56:48Z","timestamp":1776761808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Velocity\u2010Dependent Stress Changes in the Hamstring Muscle\u2010Tendon Complex: A Study Using Human Cadavers"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3124-2144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gakuto","family":"Nakao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Yamagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Adachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koki","family":"Ishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Kozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanna","family":"Nagaishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Katayose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1936-232X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keigo","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03658-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","article-title":"Correlation of Player and Imaging Characteristics with Severity and Missed Time in National Football League Professional Athletes with Hamstring Strain Injury: A Retrospective Review","author":"Day M. A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12313","article-title":"A Comparative Video Analysis of Hamstring Injuries Mechanism and Situational Pattern in Men\u2019s and Women\u2019s Football (Soccer)","volume":"32","author":"Della Villa F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-024-00738-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301498"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381211071010"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3181f23fe8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-013-2713-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000176674.42929.de"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1938.0050"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0000000000000172"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.6.2498"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2006.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2024.106473"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4004993"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2019.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10867-023-09630-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.08.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000327574"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-023-01317-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13860"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0703-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0940-9602(11)80346-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.68343"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2025.106586"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_2","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507303563"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318236a3d2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14326","article-title":"Activity Distribution Among the Hamstring Muscles During high-speed Running: a Descriptive Multichannel Surface EMG Study","volume":"33","author":"Suskens J. J. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511419277"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515574057"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100045"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0796-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228283"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000000966"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-023-05234-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-47.4.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095362"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-019-00508-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2018.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22624"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2024.112480"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911061"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12578"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.11.044"}],"container-title":["Translational Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/tsm2\/4876843","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/tsm2\/4876843","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/tsm2\/4876843","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T08:56:50Z","timestamp":1776761810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/tsm2\/4876843"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jeremy Paul","family":"Loenneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/tsm2\/4876843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/tsm2\/4876843","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-8488","2573-8488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-8488","type":"print"},{"value":"2573-8488","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4876843"}}