{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:06:02Z","timestamp":1773029162776,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In Beninese traditional medicine,\n                    <jats:italic>Khaya senegalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Ocimum americanum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Cassytha filiformis<\/jats:italic>\n                    are commonly used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to evaluate their phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and anti\u2010biofilm activities, analgesic and diuretic effects, and acute toxicity. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed using staining and precipitation methods. Plant materials were extracted with 70% ethanol, yielding a hydroethanolic extract. Antibacterial activity against multidrug\u2010resistant uropathogenic strains was assessed using disk diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Anti\u2010biofilm effects were evaluated with a colorimetric method. Analgesic and diuretic activities were tested in vivo in Wistar rats. Acute toxicity of hydroethanolic extracts was assessed over 14 days following OECD guidelines. Phytochemical analysis revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponosides, tannins, reducing compounds, and mucilage in various plant parts. All extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococci and uropathogenic Enterobacteria, with inhibition zones of 13.8\u201321.2\u2009mm and MICs of 3.5\u20139\u2009mg\/mL. Both aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts reduced bacterial biofilm formation to varying degrees. At 200\u2009mg\/kg, the hydroethanolic extracts significantly reduced acetic acid\u2013induced pain.\n                    <jats:italic>K. senegalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. filiformis<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited diuretic activity comparable to furosemide. No toxic effects were observed at 2000\u2009mg\/kg. The antimicrobial, anti\u2010biofilm, analgesic, and diuretic properties of these plants support their use in managing UTIs. Their favorable acute toxicity profile further highlights their therapeutic potential and supports the development of improved traditional medicines.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tswj\/1106284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:16:43Z","timestamp":1773026203000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemistry, Antimicrobial, Analgesic, Antibiofilm, Diuretic Activities, and Acute Toxicity of Bark Extracts From Three Plants (Khaya senegalensis, Ocimum americanum, and Cassytha filiformis) Collected in Benin"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Funk\u00e8 F.","family":"Assouma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atchad\u00e9 Pascal","family":"Tchogou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyrille A.","family":"Vodounon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gautier","family":"Roko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Machioud Maxime","family":"Sangar\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0106-7798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Durand","family":"Dah-Nouvlessounon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bassitath","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bawa","family":"Boya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachidatou","family":"Karimou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7748-1717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basile","family":"Konmy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adolphe","family":"Adjanohoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8160-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lamine","family":"Baba-Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8630-3798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haziz","family":"Sina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.657199"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259602"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-022-01197-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6364128"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010213"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(17)30141-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9020059"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01056-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","volume-title":"Bacterial Biofilms","author":"Carette J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.80348"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12052635"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-012-0499-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Herbal Versus Synthetic Drugs; Beliefs and Facts","volume":"4","author":"Karimi A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Nephropharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8040194"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ajbs.2023.438.445"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","volume-title":"Laboratory Handbook for the Fractionation of Natural Extracts","author":"Houghton P.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ajob\/2021\/v13i430193"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajb.v6i14.57753"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Activit\u00e9s antibact\u00e9riennes in vitro des extraits d\u2019\u00e9corces de racines de Mezoneuron benthamianum et de tiges de Paullinia pinnata: 2 plantes de la pharmacop\u00e9e Ivoirienne","volume":"18","author":"Ouattara L. 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