{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:02:15Z","timestamp":1790762535472,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":272,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The gravitational vortex water turbine (GVWT) is a promising technology for low\u2010head hydropower applications; however, its internal flow structure and hydrodynamic basis for multistage runner placement remain insufficiently understood. A GVWT primarily consists of an inlet channel, vortex\u2010forming basin, and runner installed within the vortex\u2010forming basin. This study focuses on the inlet\u2010channel notch angle configuration and its influence on the conical basin flow field, single\u2010stage power prediction, and residual flow criteria for second\u2010stage runner placement. This study investigated the velocity profiles and power prediction of a single\u2010stage GVWT in two conical basin configurations, namely, Basin A (conical basin with 0\u00b0 inlet\u2010channel notch angle) and Basin B (conical basin with 19\u00b0 inlet\u2010channel notch angle), with the aim of deriving design\u2010relevant guidance for multistage implementation. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to examine vortex formation and the distributions of tangential, axial, and radial velocities before and after runner installation. The results show that Basin B produces a more symmetric and vertically coherent vortex, along with a more uniform tangential velocity distribution, smoother axial flow, and reduced radial diffusion compared with Basin A. These characteristics create a favorable hydrodynamic environment for energy extraction. A semiempirical power prediction model was developed using Buckingham pi analysis and evaluated as a practical design tool using experimental data for a 10\u2009cm propeller runner installed at different depths. The model reproduced the experimental trend well, with deviations of approximately 2% across the tested runner depths. Downstream flow analysis further showed that significant tangential kinetic energy remained below the first\u2010stage runner, indicating that the lower basin retained sufficient hydrodynamic quality for evaluating second\u2010stage runner placement. Based on the combined velocity and kinetic\u2010energy distributions, the region\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>\n                    = \u22120.9 to \u22120.8 was identified as the most suitable location for second\u2010stage runner installation because it offers high residual tangential energy, moderate axial energy, reduced radial diffusion, and improved submergence, providing a depth\u2010based design criterion for multistage GVWT systems. Therefore, this study provides a hydrodynamics\u2010based design framework for predicting the single\u2010stage GVWT performance and identifying suitable second\u2010stage runner placements in multistage systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tswj\/2200648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T09:26:41Z","timestamp":1790760401000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of Velocity Profiles and Power Prediction for Single\u2010Stage Gravitational Vortex Water Turbine (GVWT)"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6402-7243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erna","family":"Septyaningrum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember  Surabaya East Java Indonesia  its.ac.id"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2630-5385","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Sutardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember  Surabaya East Java Indonesia  its.ac.id"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6714-2933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ridho","family":"Hantoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Physics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember  Surabaya East Java Indonesia  its.ac.id"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6455-8413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurellia Rossa Puspa","family":"Maharani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember  Surabaya East Java Indonesia  its.ac.id"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","volume-title":"Global Sustainable Development Report 2019: The Future Is Now e Science for Achieving Sustainable Development","author":"Independent Group of Scientists appointed by the Secretary General","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2021.120467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2019.101470"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2014.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2011.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2019.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/FEDSM2018-83015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2015.03.255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.04.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","first-page":"1539","volume-title":"Procedia Engineering","author":"Sinagra M.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11125596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2019.100788"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/asl.2012.3855"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2019.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.805-806.811"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","volume-title":"A Gravitational Vortex Water Turbine Assembly","author":"Slachmuyders G.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7763\/jocet.2016.v4.263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2020.117464"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/jie.v10i1.10895"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","volume-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series","author":"Kueh T. 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