{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:50:01Z","timestamp":1787017801622,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":114,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study explores the critical interplay between particle size distribution (PSD) and Bogue\u2019s compounds, highlighting their essential roles in enhancing the early strength of cement while ensuring sustainability. The research explores experimental procedures by subjecting commercial ordinary Portland cement (C\u2010OPC) to a grinding process, resulting in a specific fineness of 5390\u2009cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/g, referred to as the \u201cstimulator (S)\u201d. Blending this stimulator with standard C\u2010OPC at a precisely calibrated 45% weight ratio (referred to as \u2018S45\u2019) demonstrates a refined approach to optimizing the PSD of the mixture. The results confirm the superior properties of the resulting slag cement blend, with engineered PSD serving as the central driver of these improvements. To broaden the study\u2019s scope, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is introduced as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) and strategically combined with S45 in varying proportions. This systematic approach shows that the optimized blend of S45 and GGBFS outperforms commercial Portland slag cement (Com\u2010PSC) and ushers in a new paradigm in cement formulation using SCMs. The findings underscore the significance of PSD in enhancing both the initial and long\u2010term compressive strength of cement, with performance improvements evaluated over a period of up to 365 days. Importantly, the optimized approach enables the production of more sustainable cement without increasing production costs. This not only reduces the carbon footprint but also promotes a safer and more environmentally friendly industry. The research highlights a practical pathway for cement manufacturers to enhance the performance of slag cement, though the quality of slag remains dependent on its source. Future research aimed at developing comprehensive guidelines will provide valuable insights to further advance sustainable cement production.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/tswj\/5442750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T04:20:15Z","timestamp":1745554815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Engineered Particle Size Distribution of Ordinary Portland Cement on Slag Supplemented Cement: A Comparative Performance Analysis With Commercial Portland Slag Cement"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Rajan Suresh","family":"Kamble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnasetty Govindaraja","family":"Guptha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3211-7065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish Kumar","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1094-5468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jagadish","family":"Vengala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2011.07.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2015.06.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mspro.2015.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2010.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12046-017-0667-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13179600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/933\/1\/012006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11020537"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-020-09907-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clema.2022.100123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1386\/1\/012004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12093888"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2011.12.448"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14148783"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinma.2023.100408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","volume-title":"Ordinary Portland Cement - Specification","author":"BIS 269","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","volume-title":"Portland Slag Cement - Specification","author":"BIS 455","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","volume-title":"Specification for Granulated Slag for the Manufacture of Portland Slag Cement","author":"BIS 12089","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","volume-title":"Method of Analysis of Hydraulic Cement by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer","author":"BIS 12803","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","volume-title":"Particle Size Analysis - Laser Diffraction Methods","author":"ISO 13320","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","volume-title":"Standard Guide for Development of LASER Diffraction Particle Size Analysis Methods for Powder Method","author":"ASTM E3340-22","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","volume-title":"Methods of Physical Tests for Hydraulic Cement: Part 4 - Determination of Consistency of Standard Cement Paste","author":"BIS 4031 (Part 4)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","volume-title":"Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice","author":"BIS 456","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","volume-title":"Methods of Physical Tests for Hydraulic Cement: Part 5 - Determination of Initial and Final Setting Times","author":"BIS 4031 (Part 5)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","volume-title":"Methods of Physical Tests for Hydraulic Cement: Part 6 - Determination of Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Other Than Masonry Cement","author":"BIS 4031 (Part 6)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","volume-title":"Standard Sand for Testing Cements - Specification","author":"BIS 650","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","volume-title":"Specification for Vibration Machine","author":"BIS 10080","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","volume-title":"Concrete, Mortar and Cement-Based Repair Materials: Chloride Migration Coefficient from Non-Steady-State Migration Experiments","author":"NT BUILD 492","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","volume-title":"Hardened Concrete - Methods of Test: Part 2 - Properties of Hardened Concrete Other Than Strength. 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